Froebel as a pioneer in modern psychologyMurray, E. R. (Elsie Riach)
Science
Froebel as a pioneer in modern psychology
Murray, E. R. (Elsie Riach)
Fröbel, Friedrich, 1782-1852; Psychology
Professor O’Shea has an interesting section on what he calls “The
Sense of Location,” which he says is “at the bottom of one of the most
interesting and important phenomena of adjustment--the questioning
activity.” So it may be worth while to notice that Froebel, whom the
Professor has dismissed with one slighting reference, has been beforehand
with him here, and has dealt with this same early beginning in one of his
earliest Mother Songs, viz. “It’s all Gone,” where he says to the mother:
“How can the child understand that anything is “all gone,” yet
he must see sense in it or he will not be satisfied. What he
saw just now is there no longer, what was above is below, what
was there has vanished.”--_M., p. 18._
Questioning implies language, but Froebel has no language instinct. He
does, however, call speech immediate (unmittelbar), usually translated
“innate,” and he does say that because others talk to him, the child’s
capacity for speech will develop of necessity and will break forth
spontaneously.
It is in connection with the child’s earliest investigations that Froebel
brings in the learning to speak. In “The Education of Man,” he notes
how the young child brings all his discoveries, “his treasures,” to the
mother’s lap, and she is warned to give the right kind of help and at the
right time.
“It is the longing for interpretation that urges the child to
appeal to us, it is the intense desire for this that urges him
to bring his treasures to us and to lay them in our laps. The
child loves all things that enter his small horizon and extend
his little world. To him the least thing is a new discovery;
but it must not come dead into the little world, nor lie dead
therein lest it obscure the small horizon and crush the little
world.”--_E., p. 73._
All the help the mother need give at first is to supply names, since as
Froebel says, “the name, as it were, creates the thing for the child.”
Later she must help him to compare and classify.
“How little is needed from those around the child to aid him
in this tendency (to seek for knowledge). It is only necessary
to name, to put into words what the child does, sees and
finds.”--_E., p. 75._
“It is as well while the child is making these first
experiments (at walking about the room) to name the
objects--e.g. There is the chair, the table, etc.… The object
of giving these names is not primarily the development of
the child’s power of speech, but to assist his comprehension
of the object, its parts and its properties by defining his
sense-impressions. By a rich store of such experiences
the capacity for speech develops of necessity, and speech
breaks forth of itself, as it were, through heightened mental
self-activity in accordance with the nature of mind.”--_P., p.
242._
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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