From Bondage to Liberty in Religion: A Spiritual AutobiographyAshley, George T. (George Thomas)
Religion
From Bondage to Liberty in Religion: A Spiritual Autobiography
Ashley, George T. (George Thomas)
Ashley, George T. (George Thomas), 1863-1952; Unitarianism; Unitarians -- Biography
Here the author gives a brief history of the formation of the New
Testament Canon, which so surprised, and even startled me, that I must
make some mention of it. (In his treatment of the Old Testament the
author gives but a few pages to the formation of the Old Testament
Canon.) In the fifth Article of Religion in the Methodist Discipline
it says: "In the name of the Holy Scriptures we do understand those
canonical books of the Old and New Testaments of whose authority _was
never any doubt in the Church_." (Italics mine.) But here I was to
learn that for over three hundred years there was more or less
controversy, and sometimes very bitter, over what books of the New
Testament were, or were not, authentic and authoritative; that as a
matter of fact there never was complete agreement among the Church
Fathers; and that there never was any authoritative declaration on the
subject by any Church Council until the Council of Trent (Roman
Catholic) in 1545, which included in its canon all of our present
recognized books of both the Old and New Testaments, and in addition
thereto, included as canonical the Old Testament Apocrypha, which is
universally excluded from the Protestant Bibles.
As this work is designed, at least partly, to stimulate additional
study in others it may be well to cite a few examples, as I learned
them from this book, designed to prove conclusively the authenticity,
divine inspiration and infallible truth of the Holy Scriptures.
The canon of Muratori, about A.D. 160, omits Hebrews, both epistles of
Peter, James and Jude, as uncanonical, and expresses doubts as to the
Revelation.
The Peshito Syriac, about A.D. 200, omits Second Peter, Jude, Second
and Third John and Revelation.
The Latin Version Itala, about the middle of the second century, omits
James and Second Peter.
The Version of Clemens, about A.D. 202, omits Second Peter, James,
Second and Third John and Philemon.
That of Cyprian of Carthage, about A.D. 250, omits Hebrews, Second
Peter, Second and Third John, and Jude.
Eusebius, the great church historian, about A.D. 340, disputes the
authenticity of James, and omits Jude, Second Peter, second and Third
John, and doubts the Revelation. He also gives a list of "Spurious
writings" at that time, a number of which are still extant. (It was
years after this before I saw The Apocryphal New Testament.)
Ambrose of Milan, late in the fourth century, rejects Hebrews, Second
and Third John, Jude, James, and Philemon.
Chrysostom, of Antioch, about A.D. 400, omits Second Peter, Jude,
Second and Third John, and Revelation.
Jerome, about A.D. 420, rejects Hebrews, doubts James and Jude, and
attributes Second and Third John to John, a Presbyter of Ephesus, and
not the Apostle John.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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