Juliet Sutherland, Sjaani and PG Distributed Proofreaders Chautauqua Reading Circle Literature FROM CHAUCER TO TENNYSON WITH TWENTY-NINE PORTRAITS AND SELECTIONS FROM THIRTY AUTHORS. BY HENRY A. BEERS _Professor of English Literature in Yale University_. [Illustration] PREFACE. In so brief a history of so rich a literature, the problem is how to get room enough to give, not an adequate impression--that is impossible--but any impression at all of the subject. To do this I have crowded out every thing but _belles lettres_. Books in philosophy, history, science, etc., however important in the history of English thought, receive the merest incidental mention, or even no mention at all. Again, I have omitted the literature of the Anglo-Saxon period, which is written in a language nearly as hard for a modern Englishman to read as German is, or Dutch. Caedmon and Cynewulf are no more a part of English literature than Vergil and Horace are of Italian. I have also left out the vernacular literature of the Scotch before the time of Burns. Up to the date of the union Scotland was a separate kingdom, and its literature had a development independent of the English, though parallel with it. In dividing the history into periods, I have followed, with some modifications, the divisions made by Mr. Stopford Brooke in his excellent little _Primer of English Literature_. A short reading course is appended to each chapter. HENRY A. BEERS. CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. FROM THE CONQUEST TO CHAUCER, 1066-1400 CHAPTER II. FROM CHAUCER TO SPENSER, 1400-1599 CHAPTER III. THE AGE OF SHAKSPERE, 1564-1616 CHAPTER IV. THE AGE OF MILTON, 1608-1674 CHAPTER V. FROM THE RESTORATION TO THE DEATH OF POPE, 1660-1744 CHAPTER VI. FROM THE DEATH OF POPE TO THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, 1744-1789 CHAPTER VII. FROM THE FRENCH REVOLUTION TO THE DEATH OF SCOTT, 1789-1832 CHAPTER VIII. FROM THE DEATH OF SCOTT TO THE PRESENT TIME, 1832-1893 APPENDIX LIST OF PORTRAITS. WILLIAM SHAKSPERE GEOFFREY CHAUCER, EDMUND SPENSER, FRANCIS BACON, JOHN MILTON JOHN DRYDEN, JOSEPH ADDISON, ALEXANDER POPE, JONATHAN SWIFT SAMUEL JOHNSON, OLIVER GOLDSMITH, WILLIAM COWPER, ROBERT BURNS WILLIAM WORDSWORTH, GEORGE GORDON BYRON, PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY, JOHN KEATS ROBERT SOUTHEY, SIR WALTER SCOTT, SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE, THOMAS BABINGTON MACAULAY THOMAS CARLYLE, JOHN RUSKIN, WILLIAM MAKEPEACE THACKERAY, CHARLES DICKENS GEORGE ELIOT (MARY ANN EVANS), JAMES ANTHONY FROUDE, ROBERT BROWNING, ALFRED TENNYSON _The required books of the C.L.S.C. are recommended by a Council of six. It must, however, be understood that recommendation does not involve an approval by the Council, or by any member of it, of every principle or doctrine contained in the book recommended._ CHAPTER I. FROM THE CONQUEST TO CHAUCER. 1066-1400.