Location of Jerusalem. ―― Strong defensive Position of the City. ―― Surrounding Hills and Valleys. ―― Its Situation compared to that of Athens and Rome. ―― True Meaning of the 125th Psalm. ―― Tower of Psephinus. ―― The two Valleys. ―― Height of the adjacent Mountains. ―― A City without Suburbs. ―― Modern Wall. ―― Goliath’s Castle. ―― Immense Stones of Solomon’s Age. ―― Ancient Portals. ―― Beautiful Corner-stone. ―― Pinnacle of the Temple from which Christ was tempted to throw himself. ―― Golden Gate. ―― Tower of Antonia. ―― Objection to Prophecy answered. ―― The Bevel the Sign of Jewish Masonry. ―― Great Cave beneath the City. ―― Wanderings by Torchlight. ―― Solomon’s Quarry. ―― Tyropean Valley. ―― Five Hills of Jerusalem. ―― Mount Zion. ―― Royal Abode. ―― Herod’s three Towers. ―― Splendid Church of St. James. ―― House of Caiaphas. ―― Scene of the Last Supper and of Pentecost. ―― Tomb of David. ―― Royal Plunderers. ―― Proof of its Antiquity. ―― Home of the Lepers. ―― Sad Sight. ―― Akra. ―― Bezetha. ―― Napoleon’s Church. ON the southern section of the Lebanon range, in N. lat. 31° 46′ 45″, and in E. long. 35° 13′ from Greenwich, stands the memorable city of Jerusalem. Elevated 2610 feet above the level of the Mediterranean, and 3922 above the River Jordan, it is thirty-three miles from the former and sixteen from the latter. Situated on a mountain summit, the crown of which is broken into a wilderness of bleak limestone peaks, divided by numberless ravines, it is by nature one of the most strongly fortified cities in the world. Occupying the summits of five hills, it is encompassed, except on the north, by deep valleys, which in the earlier stages of military science must have been formidable obstructions to an assailing foe. That well-known passage in the Psalms, “As the mountains are round about Jerusalem, so is the Lord round about his people,”[71] most evidently includes the valleys that circumvallate the platform on which the city is built, as well as the surrounding mountains. Indeed, there is but little difference in the altitude of Olivet and Moriah, of the Hill of Corruption and Mount Zion. In the olden times, when an invading foe approached the walls of a town with towers, battering-rams, ballistas, and catapults, an intervening valley was a more serious obstacle to encounter than a mountain to be scaled, especially as it served as a fosse, in crossing which the besiegers were exposed to the arrows of the besieged, who crowded the ramparts above. Approach Jerusalem from the north, west, or south, and the city rises above the hills that environ it, its embattled towers, graceful minarets, and swelling domes standing out against the sky as against a background. In this regard it is not unlike the Acropolis of Athens, which, rising like a thing of life from the Attic plain, has Lycabettus, the Pnyx, the Museum, and the Areopagus near, and Hymettus, Pentelicus,