It was now but a step for Maxwell to formulate the theory that light itself is nothing but an electrical phenomenon, the sensation of light being due to the passage of electric waves through the ether. This theory met with considerable opposition at first. Physicists had been brought up in a school which had taught that light and electricity were two entirely unrelated phenomena, and it was difficult for them to loosen the shackles that bound them to the older school. But two startling discoveries helped to fasten attention upon Maxwell's theory. One was an experimental confirmation of Maxwell's theoretical deduction. Hertz, a pupil of Helmholtz, showed how the discharge from a Leyden jar set up oscillations, which in turn gave rise to waves in the ether, comparable, in so far as velocity is concerned, to light waves, but differing from the latter in wave length, the Hertzian waves being much longer. At a later date these waves were further investigated by Marconi, with the result that wireless messages soon began to be flashed from one place to another. Just as there is a close connection between light and electricity, so there is between light and magnetism. The first to point out such a relationship was the illustrious Michael Faraday, but we owe to Zeeman the most extensive investigations in this field. If we throw some common salt into a flame, and, with the help of a spectroscope, examine the spectrum produced, we are struck by two bright lines which stand out very prominently. These lines, yellow in color, are known as the D-lines and serve to identify even minute traces of sodium. What is true of sodium is true of other elements: they all produce very characteristic spectra. Now Zeeman found that if the flame is placed between a powerful magnet, and then some common salt thrown into the flame, the two yellow lines give place to ten yellow lines. Such is one of the results of the effect of a magnetic field on light. The Electron. The "Zeeman effect" led to several theories regarding its nature. The most successful of these was one proposed by Larmor and more fully treated by Lorentz. It has already been pointed out that the only difference between wireless and light waves is that the former are much "longer," and, we may now add, their vibrations are much slower. Light and wireless waves bear a relationship to one another comparable to the relationship born by high and low-pitched sounds. To produce wireless waves we allow a charge of electricity to oscillate to and fro. These oscillations, or oscillating charges, are the cause of such waves. What charges give rise to light waves? Lorentz, from a study of the Zeeman effect, ascribed them to minute particles of matter, smaller than the chemical atom, to which the name "electron" was given.