The velocity (v) of an object in one system will have a different
velocity (v') if referred to another system in uniform motion relative
to the first. It had been supposed that only a "something" endowed
with infinite velocity would show the same velocity in all systems,
irrespective of the motions of the latter. Michelson and Morley's
results actually point to the velocity of light as showing the
properties of the imaginary "infinite velocity." The velocity of
light possesses universal significance; and this is the basis for
much of Einstein's earlier work.
Note 6 (page 56)
"Euclid assumes that parallel lines never meet, which they cannot
do of course if they be defined as equidistant. But are there such
lines? And if not, why not assume that all lines drawn through a
point outside a given line will eventually intersect it? Such an
assumption leads to a geometry in which all lines are conceived as
being drawn on the surface of a sphere or an ellipse, and in it the
three angles of a triangle are never quite equal to two right angles,
nor the circumference of a circle quite [pi] times its diameter. But
that is precisely what the contraction effect due to motion requires."
(Dr. Walker)
Note 7 (page 57)
Einstein had become tired of assumptions. He had no particular
objection to the "ether" theory beyond the fact that this "ether"
did not come within the range of our senses; it could not be
"observed." "The consistent fulfilment of the two postulates--'action
by contact' and causal relationship between only such things
as lie within the realm of observation [see Note 2] combined
together is, I believe, the mainspring of Einstein's method of
investigation...." (Prof. Freundlich).
Note 8 (page 59)
That the conception of the "simultaneity" of events is devoid of
meaning can be deduced from equation (2) [see Note 4]. We owe the proof
to Einstein. "It is possible to select a suitable time-coordinate
in such a way that a time-measurement enters into physical laws
in exactly the same manner as regards its significance as a space
measurement (that is, they are fully equivalent symbolically), and
has likewise a definite coordinate direction.... It never occurred to
anyone that the use of a light-signal as a means of connection between
the moving-body and the observer, which is necessary in practice in
order to determine simultaneity, might affect the final result, i.e.,
of time measurements in different systems." (Freundlich). But that
is just what Einstein shows, because time-measurements are based on
"simultaneity of events," and this, as pointed out above, is devoid
of meaning.
Had the older masters the occasion to study enormous velocities, such
as the velocity of light, rather than relatively small ones--and even
the velocity of the earth around the sun is small as compared to the
velocity of light--discrepancies between theory and experiment would
have become apparent.
Note 9 (page 67)
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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