From Ritual to RomanceWeston, Jessie L. (Jessie Laidlay)
Religion
From Ritual to Romance
Weston, Jessie L. (Jessie Laidlay)
Grail -- Legends -- History and criticism; Romances -- History and criticism
Professor Singer points out that in Eilhart von Oberge’s _Tristan_ we
find the name in the form of _Pleherin_ attached to a knight of
_Mark’s_ court. The same name in a slightly varied form, _Pfelerin_,
occurs in the _Tristan_ of Heinrich von Freiberg; both poems, Professor
Singer considers, are derived from a French original. Under a compound
form, _Blihos_, (or _Blio_)-_Bliheris_, he appears, in the
_Gawain-Grail_ compilation, as a knight at _Arthur’s_ court. Now
_Bréri-Blihis-Bleheris_ is referred to as authority alike in the
_Tristan_, _Grail_ and _Gawain_ tradition, and Professor Singer makes
the interesting suggestion that these references are originally due to
Bleheris himself, who not only told the stories in the third person (a
common device at that period, _v_. Chrétien’s _Erec_, and Gerbert’s
continuation of the _Perceval_), but also introduced himself as
eye-witness of, and actor, in a subordinate _rôle_, in, the incidents
he recorded. Thus in the Tristan he is a knight of Mark’s, in the
_Elucidation_ and the _Gawain_ stories a knight of Arthur’s, court.
Professor Singer instances the case of Dares in the _De exidio Trojae_,
and Bishop Pilgrim of Passau in the lost _Nibelungias_ of his secretary
Konrad, as illustrations of the theory.
If this be the case such a statement as that which we find in Wauchier,
regarding Bleheris’s birth and origin, would have emanated from
Bleheris himself, and simply been taken over by the later writer from
his source; he incorporated the whole tale of the shield as it stood, a
quite natural and normal proceeding.[14] Again, this suggestion would
do away with the necessity for postulating a certain lapse of time
before the story-teller Bleheris could be converted into an Arthurian
knight—the two _rôles_, _Gewährsmann und Mithandelnden_, as Professor
Singer expresses it, are coincident in date. I would also suggest that
the double form, _Blihos-Bliheris_, would have been adopted by the
author himself, to indicate the identity of the two, Blihis, and
Bleheris. It is worthy of note that, when dealing directly with the
Grail, he assumes the title of _Master_, which would seem to indicate
that here he claimed to speak with special authority.
I sent the letter in question to the late Mr Alfred Nutt, who was
forcibly struck with the possibilities involved in the suggestion, the
full application of which he thought the writer had not grasped. I
quote the following passages from the long letter I received from him
in return.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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