a line which throws a light upon the personality of the speaker; he is obviously a Brahmin, and the Medicine Man here, as elsewhere, unites the functions of Priest and Healer. Professor von Schroeder suggests that this Dramatic Monologue formed part of the ceremonies of a Soma feast, that it is the Soma plant from which the heavenly drink is brewed which is to be understood as the first of all herbs and the curer of all ills, and the reference to Soma as King of the herbs seems to bear out this suggestion. In a previous chapter[3] I have referred to a curious little poem, also found in the _Rig-Veda_, and translated by von Schroeder under the title _A Folk-Procession at a Soma-Feast_, the _dramatis personae_ of the poem offering, as I pointed out, a most striking and significant parallel to certain surviving Fertility processions, notably that of Värdegötzen in Hanover. In this little song which von Schroeder places in the mouth of the leader of the band of maskers, the Doctor is twice referred to; in the opening lines we have the Brahmin, the Doctor, the Carpenter, the Smith, given as men plying different trades, and each and all in search of gain; in the final verse the speaker announces, “I am a Poet (or Singer), my father a Doctor.” Thus of the various trades and personages enumerated the Doctor alone appears twice over, an indication of the importance attached to this character. Unfortunately, in view of the fragmentary condition of the survivals of early Aryan literature, and the lack of explanatory material at our disposal, it is impossible to decide what was the precise _rôle_ assigned to the ‘Medicine Man’; judging from the general character of the surviving dramatic fragments and the close parallel which exists between these fragments and the Medieval and Modern Fertility ceremonies, it seems extremely probable that his original _rôle_ was identical with that assigned to his modern counterpart, _i.e._, that of restoring to life or health the slain, or suffering, representative of the Vegetation Spirit. This presumption gains additional support from the fact that it is in this character that the Doctor appears in Greek Classical Drama. Von Schroeder refers to the fact that the Doctor was a stock figure in the Greek ‘Mimus’[4] and in Mr Cornford’s interesting volume entitled _The Origin of Attic Comedy_, the author reckons the Doctor among the stock Masks of the early Greek Theatre, and assigns to this character the precise _rôle_ which later survivals have led us to attribute to him.