Fugitive Slaves (1619-1865)McDougall, Marion Gleason
History
Fugitive Slaves (1619-1865)
McDougall, Marion Gleason
Fugitive slaves -- United States; Slavery -- Law and legislation -- United States
In those days, when bridges were few, the ferrymen were apparently much
relied upon as agents to detect and apprehend runaways. In 1714 we find
that several negro slaves had been carried over ferries, and thus escaped
out of Rhode Island. The Assembly therefore enacted that "no ferryman or
boatman whatsoever, within this colony, shall carry or bring any slave as
aforesaid over their ferries, without a certificate under the hands of
their masters or mistresses, or some person in authority, upon the
penalty of paying all costs and damages their said masters or mistresses
shall sustain thereby: and to pay a fine of twenty shillings for the use
of the colony for each offence, as aforesaid." All persons were also
commanded to take up any slave they might find travelling about without a
pass.[15]
[Sidenote: Escapes in New England.]
=§ 5. Escapes in New England: Attucks case.=--Although we do not find
records of fugitive slave cases tried at this time within the New England
colonies, advertisements of runaways exist in sufficient numbers to prove
that escapes were common. It seems probable, therefore, that the return
of a slave when within his own colony was taken as a matter of course,
and roused so little opposition, and required so simple a process at law,
that matters concerning it would seldom find mention in the chronicles of
the time. Here is a typical advertisement:--
"Ran away from Samuel Gilbert of Littleton, an indentured Servant Boy,
named Samuel Gilson, about 17 years old, of a middling Stature for his
Age, and wears black curled Hair, he carried away with him a blue cloth
Coat, a light colored Jacket with sleeves, one pair of worsted
Stockings, two striped woolen Shirts, and one good linnen Shirt. He
went away in company with a short thick set Fellow, who wore a green
coat and a green Jacket double breasted, also a pair Indian green
Stockings. Whoever shall take up and secure, or give information of
said runaway, so that his master may find him again, shall receive a
Reward of two dollars and all necessary charges from
SAMUEL GILBERT.
"All masters of vessels and others are cautioned against harboring,"
etc.[16]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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