Note: Images of the original pages are available through Internet Archive/American Libraries. See https://archive.org/details/fundamentalphilo01balm Transcriber's note: Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_). A carat character is used to denote superscription. A single character following the carat is superscripted (example: 2^a). Multiple superscripted characters are enclosed by curly brackets (example: 1^{ière}). FUNDAMENTAL PHILOSOPHY. by REV. JAMES BALMES. Translated from the Spanish by Henry F. Brownson, M.A. In Two Volumes. VOL. I. New York: D. & J. Sadlier & Co., 164 William Street, Boston:--128 Federal Street. Montreal:--Cor. of Notre Dame and St. Francis Xavier Sts. 1856. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1856, By D. & J. Sadlier & Co., In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York. New York: Billin & Brother, Printers, XX North William St. CONTENTS OF VOL. I. BOOK FIRST. ON CERTAINTY. CHAPTER PAGE I. Importance and Utility of the Question of Certainty 3 II. True State of the Question 7 III. Certainty of the Human Race and Philosophical Certainty 14 IV. Existence of Transcendental Science in the Absolute Intellectual Order 24 V. Transcendental Science in the Human Intellectual Order cannot emanate from the Senses 32 VI. Transcendental Science.--Insufficiency of Real Truths 37 VII. The Philosophy of the Me cannot produce Transcendental Science 41 VIII. Universal Identity 56 IX. Universal Identity,--Continued 64 X. Problem of Representation: Monads of Leibnitz 67 XI. Problem of Representation examined 71 XII. Immediate Intelligibility 76 XIII. Representation of Causality and Ideality 83 XIV. Impossibility of Finding the first Principle in the Ideal Order 89 XV. The Indispensable Condition of all Human Knowledge.--Means of perceiving Truth 92 XVI. Confusion of Ideas in Disputes on the Fundamental Principle 102 XVII. Thought and Existence.--Descartes' Principle 105 XVIII. The Principle of Descartes, continued.--His Method 111 XIX. Value of the Principle, I Think:--Its Analysis 118