FUNDAMENTAL PHILOSOPHY. BY REV. JAMES BALMES. _TRANSLATED FROM THE SPANISH_ BY HENRY F. BROWNSON, M.A. IN TWO VOLUMES. VOL. I. New York: D. & J. SADLIER & CO., 164 WILLIAM STREET, BOSTON:--128 FEDERAL STREET. MONTREAL:--COR. OF NOTRE DAME AND ST. FRANCIS XAVIER STS. 1856. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1856, By D. & J. SADLIER & CO., In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York. NEW YORK: BILLIN & BROTHER, PRINTERS, XX NORTH WILLIAM ST. CONTENTS OF VOL. II. BOOK FOURTH. ON IDEAS. CHAPTER PAGE I. Cursory View of Sensism 3 II. Condillac's Statue 6 III. Difference between Geometrical Ideas and the Sensible Representations which accompany them 12 IV. The Idea and the Intellectual Act 15 V. Comparison of Geometrical with Non-Geometrical Ideas 20 VI. In what the Geometrical Idea consists; and what are its Relations with Sensible Intuition 25 VII. The Acting Intellect of the Aristotelians 29 VIII. Kant and the Aristotelians 33 IX. Historical View of the Value of Pure Ideas 42 X. Sensible Intuition 50 XI. Two Cognitions: Intuitive and Discursive 54 XII. The Sensism of Kant 57 XIII. Existence of Pure Intellectual Intuition 59 XIV. Value of Intellectual Conceptions.--Abstraction made from Intellectual Intuition 62 XV. Illustrations of the Value of General Conceptions 65 XVI. Value of Principles, independently of Sensible Intuition 68 XVII. Relations of Intuition with the rank of the Perceptive Being 71 XVIII. Aspirations of the Human Soul 74 XIX. Elements and variety of the characters of Sensible Representation 76 XX. Intermediate Representations between Sensible Intuition and the Intellectual Act 81 XXI. Determinate and Indeterminate Ideas 84 XXII. Limits of our Intuition 88 XXIII. Of the Necessity involved in Ideas 92 XXIV. Existence of Universal Reason 96 XXV. In what does Universal Reason consist? 99 XXVI. Remarks on the Real Foundation of Pure Possibility 102 XXVII. Individual and Intellectual Phenomena explained by the Universal Subsisting Reason 105 XXVIII. Observations on the Relation of Language to Ideas 108