There is another equally important, but more complicated subject to which we must allude in this connection. This is the probability of minute fungi being developed without the intervention of germs, from certain solutions. The observations of M. Trécul, in a paper laid before the French Academy, have thus been summarized:--1. Yeast cells may be formed in the must of beer without spores being previously sown. 2. Cells of the same form as those of yeast, but with different contents, arise spontaneously in simple solution of sugar, or to which a little tartrate of ammonia has been added, and these cells are capable of producing fermentation in certain liquids under favourable conditions. 3. The cells thus formed produce _Penicillium_ like the cells of yeast. 4. On the other hand, the spores of _Penicillium_ are capable of being transformed into yeast.[C] The interpretation of this is, that the mould _Penicillium_ may be produced from a sugar solution by "spontaneous generation," and without spore or germ of any kind. The theory is, that a molecular mass which is developed in certain solutions or infusions, may, under the influence of different circumstances, produce either animalcules or fungi. "In all these cases, no kind of animalcule or fungus is ever seen to originate from preexisting cells or larger bodies, but always from molecules."[D] The molecules are said to form small masses, which soon melt together to constitute a globular body, from which a process juts out on one side. These are the so-called _Torulæ_,[E] which give off buds which are soon transformed into jointed tubes of various diameters, terminating in rows of sporules, _Penicillium_, or capsules containing numerous globular seeds, _Aspergillus_ (_sic_).