[191] He still tends either to biologize physics, or to physicize biology--whichever way we prefer to look at it. _cf._ Book I., chap. xiv. [192] Aristotelian and Stoic duality of an active and a passive principle. [193] Note that early embryonic development is described as a process of _nutrition_. _cf._ p. 130, note 2 (188). [194] On the _alterative_ and _shaping_ faculties _cf._ p. 18, note 1 (32). [195] pp. 27-29. [196] _cf._ Introduction, p. xxvi. [197] _cf._ p. 15. [198] For definitions of _alteration_ and _mingling_ (_crasis_, "temperament") _cf._ Book I., chaps. ii. and iii. [199] _i.e._ are associated with oxidation? _cf._ p. 41, note 3 (70). [200] "Useless" organs; _cf._ p. 56, note 2 (91). For fallacy of Erasistratus's view on the spleen _v._ p. 205. [201] The Stoics. [202] The Peripatetics (Aristotelians). [203] Aristotle regarded the _qualitative_ differences apprehended by our senses (the cold, the warm, the moist, and the dry) as fundamental, while the Stoics held the four corporeal elements (earth, air, fire, and water) to be still more fundamental. _cf._ p. 8, note 3 (17). [204] Lit. bile-receiving (choledochous). [205] _Jecoris portae_, the transverse fissure, by which the portal vein enters the liver. [206] Lit. "anastomosing." [207] More literally, "synapse." [208] The portal vein. [209] The hepatic vein or veins. [210] The portal vein. [211] _cf._ p. 120, note 1 (174). [212] _cf._ p. 272, note 1 (350). [213] _i.e._ one might assume an _attraction_. [214] _i.e._ visible to the mind's eye as distinguished from the bodily eye. _cf._ p. 21, note 4 (39). _Theoreton_ without qualification means merely _visible_, not _theoretic_. _cf._ p. 205, note 1 (282). [215] According to the Pneumatist school, certain of whose ideas were accepted by Erasistratus, the air, breath, pneuma, or spirit was brought by inspiration into the left side of the heart, where it was converted into natural, vital, and psychic pneuma; the latter then went to the brain, whence it was distributed through the nervous system; practically this teaching involved the idea of a _psyche_, or conscious vital principle. "Psychic pneuma" is in Latin _spiritus animalis_ (_anima_ = _psyche_); _cf._ p. 126, note 4 (185). Introduction, p. xxxiv. [216] Observe that Erasistratus's "simple nerve" may be almost looked on as an anticipation of the _cell_. The question Galen now asks is whether this vessel is a "unit mass of living matter," or merely an agglomeration of _atoms_ subject to mechanical law. _cf._ Galen's "fibres," p. 329. [217] _cf._ Book I., chap. xii.