The fact, too, that his vivisection experiments (_e.g._ pp. 59, 273) were carried out apparently without any kind of anaesthetisation being even thought of is abhorrent to the feelings of to-day, but must be excused also on the ground that callousness towards animals was then customary, men having probably never thought much about the subject. [Sidenote: Galen's Greek Style.] Galen is a master of language, using a highly polished variety of Attic prose with a precision which can be only very imperfectly reproduced in another tongue. Every word he uses has an exact and definite meaning attached to it. Translation is particularly difficult when a word stands for a physiological conception which is not now held; instances are the words _anadosis_, _prosthesis_, and _prosphysis_, indicating certain steps in the process by which nutriment is conveyed from the alimentary canal to the tissues. Readers will be surprised to find how many words are used by Galen which they would have thought had been expressly coined to fit modern conceptions; thus our author employs not merely such terms as _physiology_, _phthisis_, _atrophy_, _anastomosis_, but also _haematopoietic_, _anaesthesia_, and even _aseptic_! It is only fair, however, to remark that these terms, particularly the last, were not used by Galen in quite their modern significance. [Sidenote: Summary.] To resume, then: What contribution can Galen bring to the art of healing at the present day? It was not, surely, for nothing that the great Pergamene gave laws to the medical world for over a thousand years! Let us draw attention once more to: (1) The high ideal which he set before the profession. (2) His insistence on immediate contact with nature as the primary condition for arriving at an understanding of disease; on the need for due consideration of previous authorities; on the need also for reflection--for employment of the mind's eye ([Greek: hê logikê theôria]) as an aid to the physical eye. (3) His essentially broad outlook, which often helped him in the comprehension of a phenomenon through his knowledge of an analogous phenomenon in another field of nature.