Death of Prince Cesi.—Dissolution of the Accadémia dei Lincei.—Galileo advised to print at Florence.—Difficulties and delays.—His impatience.—Authorship of the Introduction.—The _Imprimatur_ granted for Florence.—Absurd accusation from the style of the Type of the Introduction 138 CHAPTER III. THE “DIALOGUES” AND THE JESUITS. Publication of the “Dialogues.”—Applause of Galileo’s friends and the learned world.—The hostile party.—The Jesuits as leaders of learning.—Deprived of their monopoly by Galileo.—They become his bitter foes.—Having the _Imprimatur_ for Rome and Florence, Galileo thought himself doubly safe.—The three dolphins.—Scheiner.—Did “Simplicius” personate the Pope?—Conclusive arguments against it.—Effect of the accusation.—Urban’s motives in instituting the Trial 151 CHAPTER IV. DISCOVERY OF THE ABSOLUTE PROHIBITION OF 1616. Symptoms of the coming Storm.—The Special Commission.—Parade of forbearance.—The Grand Duke intercedes for Galileo.—Provisional Prohibition of the “Dialogues.”—Niccolini’s Interview with the Pope and unfavourable reception.—Report of it to Cioli.—Magalotti’s Letters.—Real object of the Special Commission to find a pretext for the Trial.—Its discovery in the assumed Prohibition of 1616.—Report of the Commission, and charges against Galileo 163 CHAPTER V. THE SUMMONS TO ROME. Niccolini’s attempt to avert the Trial.—The Pope’s Parable.—The Mandate summoning Galileo to Rome.—His grief and consternation.—His Letter to Cardinal Barberini.—Renewed order to come to Rome.—Niccolini’s fruitless efforts to save him.—Medical Certificate that he was unfit to travel.—Castelli’s hopeful view of the case.—Threat to bring him to Rome as a Prisoner.—The Grand Duke advises him to go.—His powerlessness to protect his servant.—Galileo’s mistake in leaving Venice.—Letter to Elia Diodati 175 CHAPTER VI. GALILEO’S ARRIVAL AT ROME. Galileo reaches Rome in February, 1632.—Goes to the Tuscan Embassy.—No notice at first taken of his coming.—Visits of Serristori.—Galileo’s hopefulness.—His Letter to Bocchineri.—Niccolini’s audience of the Pope.—Efforts of the Grand Duke and Niccolini on Galileo’s behalf.—Notice that he must appear before the Holy Office.—His dejection at the news.—Niccolini’s advice not to defend himself 191 CHAPTER VII. THE TRIAL BEFORE THE INQUISITION.