General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 1 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 1 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
Suppuration takes place here with a rapidity of which we have an
example in but few of the organs. Every one knows the fluid that comes
from this suppuration. Its colour, its consistence, all its external
qualities have become the type to which we refer the ideas that we form
of pus; so that that which does not resemble it, is considered to be
pus of a bad kind, or as we say sanious. This opinion is incorrect.
Certainly the pus that flows from a bone, a muscle, the skin in
erisypelas, the mucous membranes in catarrh, is of a good kind so long
as the inflammation is regularly going through its periods; it is
however totally different from cellular pus. As this is most frequently
observed, especially in surgery, we have formed a general idea of
laudable, as of sanious pus. Cutaneous, mucous, osseous pus, &c. have
each their peculiar sanies, which differs among them according to the
vital alterations of the organ, from which it is derived. So that the
pus of each system differs from that of the others, in the same way as
the alterations of which it is susceptible are different from their
purulent alterations.
Has the cellular texture peculiar vital modifications in those organs
to whose structure it contributes? From what has been said above, it
seems hardly probable. All that I have been saying, applies to the
system considered in the interstices of the organs, separate from all
combination with their structure. It is possible however that its vital
activity is diminished in the cartilages, the tendons, &c., that it is
increased a little in the skin, that its life, in general tends to an
equilibrium with that of the parts in which it is found; but these are
conjectures that nothing positive confirms.
That which ought not to escape us here, is the manifest difference
of vitality that exists between the texture of layers and filaments
almost every where spread, and the texture that is wholly filamentous,
which is exterior to the mucous surfaces, to the blood-vessels,
and excretories, a difference from which arises the rareness of
inflammation and tumours in this last. It is often a real barrier that
stops the affections of the first, a barrier that protects the organ
it covers. Thus I have many times observed in opening bodies, that
whilst the ordinary texture, in which the arteries are embedded as in
the axilla, is in a state of suppuration, and almost disorganized by
the pus, that which forms the external covering of the vessels remains
untouched; it has not undergone the least alteration. I have seen the
same phenomenon in the texture exterior to the urethra in deposits of
pus at the loins.
III. _Properties of re-production._
The cellular texture is distinguished from other organs by the
faculty it has of throwing out a kind of vegetation, of elongating
and re-producing itself, of growing when it has been cut or divided
in any manner. It is upon this faculty that depends the formation of
cicatrices, tumours, cysts, &c.
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