General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 1 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 1 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
In the first periods after conception, the fœtus is only a mucous mass,
homogeneous in appearance, and in which the cellular texture seems
almost exclusively to predominate. In fact, when the organs begin to
be developed in this mass, the spaces that are left between them are
filled with a substance which, exactly similar to that which before
formed the whole of the body, can be considered as the residue of it,
or rather perhaps it exists in a distinct manner, because it has not
been penetrated with the peculiar nutritive substance, like that which
forms the parenchyma of nutrition of the organs, which before this
penetration resembled it precisely. This substance that lies between
the organs, and which is the principle of the cellular texture, is the
farther removed from a fluid state, as the period of labour approaches.
First it is a true mucus, then a kind of glue, then the cellular
texture begins to appear.
This primitive state of the cellular organ, this appearance that it has
at first, is owing to the great quantity of fluids that enter it at
that period; it does not denote an inorganic existence; we can then
compare it to the vitreous humour, which appears wholly fluid at first
sight, because the transparency of its layers do not permit us to see
them in the humour that enters its cells; make a puncture so as to
evacuate this humour, and they become evident.
Thus the cellular texture, extremely fine and even transparent in the
first periods of life, is then concealed by the humour that fills it,
and becomes more sensible as this humour diminishes with age. This
phenomenon sometimes takes place in after life, in different serous
infiltrations, those especially in which the infiltrated fluid has some
viscidity.
What is this humour that is so abundant in the cellular system, in
the first months after conception? Is it albuminous like that which
afterwards lubricates it? Probably it is; I should think, also, that it
has much of the character of gelatine, a character which predominates,
we know, in the animal humours at this period; I know of no experiment
upon this point. Whatever the humour is, it is much more viscid and
unctuous than it is afterwards; the touch is sufficient to convince us
of this. It is its predominance, joined to the delicacy of the cellular
layers, that, in the first months, makes every attempt to render the
fœtus emphysematous, by blowing air under the skin, almost absolutely
useless.
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