General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 1 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 1 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
The first part of this work will be devoted to the examination of the
general systems, of the generative systems, if I may so express myself,
systems which are not however of such importance that all the organized
parts are necessarily provided with these six. In fine, in some there
are neither arteries nor veins; in others nerves; in some but little
cellular texture; but they concur to form the greatest number, and some
are always found where others are wanting. Thus in the tendons, in
the cartilages, &c. which are deprived of blood, there are exhalants,
absorbents, &c.
In general, it appears that the exhalant and absorbent systems are
the most universally diffused. Nutrition supposes this; in fact this
function is the result of a double movement; one of composition, which
brings to the organs, the other of decomposition, that carries from
them the nutritive matter; now the exhalants are the agents of the
first movement, and the absorbents of the second. As every organ is
nourished, and as the mechanism of nutrition is uniform, it follows
that these two systems belong to all the organs. After them the
cellular system is the most generally found. Where there are no blood
vessels, it is sometimes met with, and it always exists where these
vessels are. Next to this, the arteries and veins are spread to the
greatest number of parts. Oftentimes no nerve is discoverable, where
they penetrate, as in the aponeuroses, the fibrous membranes, &c. &c.
The nervous is of all the generative systems, that which is found by
dissection in the smallest number of parts. The serous membranes, the
whole fibrous system, the cartilaginous, the fibro-cartilaginous, the
osseous, &c. appear to be deprived of it.
Particularly destined to form a part of the structure of other organs,
the generative systems perform the same office for one another; thus
the cellular texture enters into the composition of the nerves, and
the arteries and veins; and the arteries and veins are ramified in the
cellular texture, &c. It is a general intermixture of one with the
other.
It may be imagined, from what has now been said, that the generative
systems, considered under the relation of organs, forming a common
and uniform base for all, ought to be sooner developed than others;
and this, observation proves. While there is hardly an outline of
the others in the first months of the fœtus, these predominate in a
remarkable manner. The nerves, and their centre, which is the brain,
the arteries, the veins and their central organ, which is the heart,
the cellular texture, the exhalants and the absorbents, exhibit this
phenomenon in a striking degree. Mere inspection suffices to prove this
in the nervous, arterial, venous and cellular systems; in the other two
it is proved by the wonderful activity of absorption and exhalation, at
this period of life.
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