General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 1 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 1 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
I say in the first place, that the parenchyma of nutrition is the same
for all the organs, and that it is an assemblage of red vessels, of
exhalants, of absorbents, of cellular texture, and of nerves; these are
the proofs. 1st. These different organs are met with in all the others,
as I have observed before, anatomy shows them every where, between each
fibre, each layer, each point, if I may so say; they are truly the
common organs. 2d. When we take away from the organs their different
nutritive substances, for example, from the bones the phosphate of
lime by acid, and the gelatine by boiling, there is a residue which
is evidently cellular and vascular. 3d. There is no doubt but that
the mechanism of the union of divided parts is the same as that of
their natural nutrition. Now in the healing of wounds, the parenchyma
of nutrition is first developed, and is every where the same; every
where fleshy points appear, which are cellular and vascular, which
have the same appearance and same character, whether they arise from
a bone or a cartilage, a muscle, the skin, a ligament, &c. All wounds,
in healing, like the organs, resemble each other in their parenchyma;
they differ also like the organs, in the nutritive substance that is
afterwards deposited in its texture, substances which vary according
to the part where the wound happens to be; thus the deposit of the
phosphate of lime gives to the callus a different character from that
of muscular wounds, which are united by the exhalation of fibrin in
the fleshy points that first arise upon the divided surfaces, &c.
4th. The mucous substance which forms the body of the embryo, appears
to be nothing but cellular or mucous texture, as Bordeu calls it,
which is abundantly supplied with vessels and nerves. In fact, when
the organs are developed in this mucous substance, it may be seen in
their interstices for a certain length of time, and exhibits there
the same appearance as the body of the embryo in the first periods;
gradually this substance becomes condensed, is filled with cells,
and assumes the form of cellular texture; whence it may be presumed,
that in this mucous state of the embryo, there is only the nutritive
parenchyma of the organs; and as the parenchyma is the same in all, it
is evident that the mass of the embryo must be homogeneous. Nutrition
commences, and then each organ appropriates to itself the substance
which is proper for it; after this it ceases to be homogeneous. From
these considerations, it becomes easy to admit the uniformity of the
parenchyma of nutrition, and its cellular, vascular and, in certain
cases, nervous texture.
I am aware, that by admitting this common parenchyma of nutrition, it
becomes necessary that it should be nourished itself, and consequently
that we must go farther back; but in physiology, the art of finding the
truth consists, in searching for it in secondary causes; here facts and
experiments enlighten our way, beyond that, imagination only is our
guide.
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