General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 1 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 1 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
The general conformation of the cellular texture is not the same every
where. The interstices or cells between the different layers, are
more or less wide; their size is remarkable upon the eyelids and the
scrotum, and in general where there is no fat, or where it is in small
quantity. Moreover the capacity of the cells is extremely variable;
nothing definite can be determined upon this point, as they are capable
of contraction and expansion. When fat and serum fill them, they are
double, triple or even quadruple what they are when they are empty.
It is the variation in the size of the cells of the system of which
we speak, which constitutes all the difference of the general size of
the body in corpulency or emaciation; in each state the size of every
nervous, tendinous fibre, &c. remains nearly the same, and the cellular
system only varies. There is the same variety in leucophlegmasia
compared with the ordinary state of the body.
The figure of the cells is so variable, that we cannot describe them
in a general manner. Round, quadrangular, hexagonal, oval, are found
mixed together. The best way to see these, is to freeze an infiltrated
limb; numerous little icicles are then formed, and show by their form,
that of the cells which they filled. Artificial emphysema is also a
good way; I have often determined by it in our slaughter houses where
they blow meats, the forms of the cells. The injection of melted
gelatine may also be employed; but the results are less certain,
because in going from one cell to another, it breaks the texture; and
moreover after it is hardened, it is difficult to separate each portion
contained in each cell.
All the cells communicate; so that the cellular texture is really
permeable throughout the whole extent of the body, from the feet to
the head. This permeability is proved, 1st. by emphysema spontaneously
produced; 2d. by that which is artificially produced in a living
animal, by blowing air under any portion of the cutaneous organ, an
operation which affects neither the life or health of the animal,
though oftentimes the whole of the body is bloated. We know that
some beggars make use of these means without danger, for the purpose
of exciting compassion. 3d. If one or two punctures are made in a
dropsical limb, it is sometimes wholly emptied in this way. 4th.
Oftentimes this happens from ruptures taking place spontaneously in
limbs of this kind. 5th. Pressure made upon them, makes the fluid
ascend or descend, according to the part upon which it is made. 6th. A
rupture of the bladder or the urethra produces an urinous infiltration,
which sometimes extends even to the sides of the chest. 7th. The
injection of any fluid into the cellular texture of a dead body,
produces an artificial leucophlegmasia.
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