General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 1 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 1 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
Very abundant under the skin, around the serous surfaces, the organs
of great motions, &c.; it is wanting, as we have said, upon the penis,
the prepuce, the scrotum, &c. under the mucous surfaces, around the
arteries, the veins, &c. Examined in the interior of the organized
systems, the fat varies in quantity. There is none between the
interstices of the arterial and venous coats. The lymphatic glands do
not appear to contain any. The brain and spinal marrow are destitute of
it. It is always found in the intervals of the nervous fibres; it is
not often very evident; but in dissecting them, an unctuous substance
escapes, which is constant, and which it undoubtedly furnishes. For the
most part, it is in considerable quantity in the muscles, especially
those of animal life; very little of it is seen in those of organic.
In the bones, where there is none, its place is supplied by medullary
substance; the cartilages, the fibrous bodies, the fibro-cartilages,
are almost entirely destitute of it. The glandular system sometimes has
it, as we see it in the parotids, around the pelvis of the kidnies; in
other places, as in the liver, the prostate, &c. there is no trace of
it. The serous and cutaneous systems are never fatty, although much fat
surrounds them. It is the same of the mucous; the epidermis and the
hair never have any of this fluid.
From this we perceive that the interior of the organized systems
contain in general but very little fat. The different apparatus have
but a small proportion between their various parts. It is thus that
between the coats of the stomach, the intestines, the bladder, &c.
between the periosteum and the bone, between that and the cartilage,
between the muscle and the tendon, &c. this fluid is almost always
wanting.
It follows from this that it is principally in the interstices, which
the different apparatus leave between them, that fat accumulates in
cellular reservoirs. Now by examining the different regions, in this
point of view, we see, 1st. that upon the head, the cranium and face
have an inverse arrangement; that it is very abundant in the second,
and wanting in the first, especially in the interior; 2d. that the
neck contains a considerable proportion; 3d. that in the thorax we
see very little around the lungs, but much about the heart; that upon
the exterior of this cavity, the superior part has a considerable
quantity around the breasts; 4th. that in the abdomen, it particularly
abounds in the posterior part in the neighbourhood of the kidnies,
the mesentery, and omentum; 5th. that in the pelvis, there is much
of it near the bladder and rectum; 6th. that upon the extremities it
is found, like the cellular texture, more abundant above and in the
vicinity of the great articulations, &c.
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