General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3) — John Shaqi
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
On the other hand, the organs in which we find only white fluids,
evidently communicate with those that are near them, and in which there
is blood; those in which blood alone flows, have the same arrangement.
The capillary system must then be considered as a general net-work,
spread throughout the body, which communicates on one side in every
organ, and on the other from one organ to another. In this respect
there is from the head to the feet a general anastomosis, a free
communication for the fluids. It is in this way that we can conceive
of the permeability of the body, and not from the cellular texture, in
which the serous and fatty fluids alone stagnate.
As the arteries enter the capillary system, and as the veins, the
exhalants, the secretories, go from it, it is evident from this manner
of considering the capillary system, that all these vessels ought to
communicate with each other; that by pushing a fine fluid into the
arteries, it should go out by the excretories, the exhalants, and
return by the veins, after having gone through the capillary system;
this is in fact what takes place. In this respect, a thousand ways
are constantly open for the blood to escape from its vessels, which
communicate thus everywhere without, and do not present any mechanical
obstacle to the blood in their cavity, which life alone retains within
the limits of its circulation. The oozings after death through the
exhalants, the excretories and the veins, are so well known, so many
anatomists have related examples of them, that I think it unnecessary
to give them in detail here. We have seen, then, fine injections pour
out upon the serous membranes, upon the pericardium, the pleura, the
peritoneum, &c. transude upon the mucous surfaces, even upon the skin.
We have seen them flow through the ureters, the pancreatic, biliary,
salivary ducts, &c. Haller, in the article upon each organ, has not
failed to relate examples of this sort, which prove the communication
of the arteries with all the other vessels, by means of the capillary
net-work. What anatomist has not sometimes made even coarse injections
return by the veins? The communication of these vessels with the
arteries, through the capillary system, is now an anatomical axiom. At
one time, it arrested much attention. It has been asked, if there was
any thing intermediate between the arteries and the veins; inspection
proves that the capillary system alone is there.
Hence it is necessary to represent the capillary system as a kind
of general reservoir, in which the arteries enter on one side, and
from which go out on the other side, in all the organs, the nutritive
exhalants, in some, certain particular exhalants, as those of the
sweat, the lymph, the fat, &c. in others the secretory vessels, &c. It
is a common reservoir, if I may so express myself, in which the red
blood enters, and from which the black blood, the exhaled, the secreted
fluids, &c. go out.
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