General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
Usually situated at the extremities of the fleshy fascia, they
sometimes however occupy the middle, as we see in the digastric
muscle; they are almost always found at the most moveable extremity,
that which serves for support having aponeuroses for insertion, as we
see especially on the fore-arm and the leg, of which all the muscles
inserted above by broad osseous or aponeurotic surfaces, terminate
below by a more or less slender tendon. From this arrangement result,
1st, little thickness at the extremity of the limbs, and consequently
facility in their motions; 2d, great resistance to external pressures
very frequent in this place, the fibrous texture being, as we have
said, very resisting; 3d, the concentration of the whole effort of a
muscle oftentimes very thick upon a very narrow osseous surface, and
for the same reason the extent and force of the motions of the bone.
The tendinous forms are usually round, no doubt because they are those
in which, with the least size the greatest quantity of matter enters.
Sometimes however as in the tendons of the extensors of the leg and the
fore-arm, they are flat.
Sometimes bifurcated or divided into many secondary elongations, the
tendons are inserted into the bones, or receive fleshy fibres in two or
many different points. All are covered by a loose texture which allows
them to slide easily upon each other, or upon the neighbouring parts.
Sometimes this texture is wanting, and then the synovial capsules
surround them to favour their motions. Their extremity, in which the
fleshy fibres are fixed, receives these fibres differently. Sometimes
it is to one side only that they are attached; hence the semi-penniform
muscles; at other times it is to both sides at the same time; this
constitutes the penniform. Frequently the tendon is buried so deep in
them, that it cannot be laid bare, but by dividing them longitudinally.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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