General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
This is in fact an invariable law in the vital forces, that if on the
one hand they increase in energy, on the other, they diminish; we might
say, that there was only a certain quantity in the animal economy,
that this might be divided in different proportions, but it cannot be
increased or diminished. This principle results so evidently from all
the phenomena of the economy, that I think it unnecessary to support
it by numerous proofs; now, taking this as incontrovertible, it is
evident that one portion of the capillary system increasing its action,
only at the expense of the others, the sum total of blood transmitted
from the arteries to the veins remains always nearly the same. All the
systems are then, in this respect, supporters of each other; if nothing
passes by the capillaries of one, it is the same thing, provided the
capillaries of another transmit double the amount of fluid that they do
in an ordinary state.
Observe the blood in the cutaneous capillaries before the paroxysm
of intermittent fevers; it recedes from these capillaries; all the
surfaces that it reddened, become pale; the capillaries of the other
systems supply the momentary defect of the action of these. Who knows
if, in many cases where the skin becomes very red, when much blood
enters it, there is not in the other systems a paleness analogous to
that of the skin during the cold fit of fever? I not only think this
very probable, but I have no doubt of it. The external capillaries
certainly contain more blood in summer, whilst those of the internal
systems receive more in winter. There is then continual varieties in
the mode of the passage of this fluid through the general capillary
system; each system transmits by turns, more or less, according as it
is affected.
When we see the glands, frequently in a short time pour out an
enormous quantity of fluid, the serous, cutaneous, mucous exhalants,
&c. furnish also much greater proportions than in a natural state,
we are astonished that the circulation can at the same time continue
with the same regularity; we are not less so undoubtedly, when we see
on the contrary all the evacuations suppressed, and nothing goes out
from the animal solids; now in all these cases, it is the capillary
system, whose forces differently modified in the different parts,
re-establishes the general equilibrium which would inevitably be lost,
if the heart was the agent of impulse which pushed to the extremities
the secreted and exhaled fluids, and transmitted the black blood to the
veins.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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