General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
_Form of the Absorbents in their course._
The absorbents differ essentially from the veins in this, that for a
great distance they keep of the same size. Whilst in the venous system
the vessels are constantly becoming larger, so that a branch can hardly
go a few inches without doubling its size, those in the absorbent
system remain for a long time the same. When injected these vessels
appear like long white threads running upon the organs.
It follows hence, 1st. that the lymph never circulates like the blood,
in considerable masses, but always in very fine streams; 2d. that the
absorbents are very numerous; for their number compensates for their
size; thus all the surfaces are covered with them, whilst they have
but few veins and those of considerable size; 3d. that the absorbent
system has not really the form of a tree, like the arterial and venous
systems; the manner of division is wholly different. The absorbents
are very commonly straight; when they are tortuous, their curves are
entirely unlike those of the veins or the arteries. In fact in these
last, when the tubes have become as fine as the absorbents, their
curves are brought near each other and are small in proportion to the
size of the vessel. On the contrary the windings of the absorbents are
great; the curves that result from them have often a very considerable
extent; they wind in long folds upon the extremities, when they are not
straight there.
Viewed externally, the absorbents are not always cylindrical.
When filled with injection, they often appear full of knots; this
undoubtedly arises principally from the valves. Many authors have
represented them as a series of successive contractions; this is
however true only to a certain extent.
I have often seen in living animals, in dogs in particular, evident
dilatations, a kind of little bladders in the course of a lymphatic,
containing serum. It is upon the concave surface of the liver and
the gall-bladder, that I have most often observed them. When these
bladders are pricked with a lancet, the fluid flows out and they
disappear immediately. In making experiments with other views, I once
saw two or three of these small dilatations in the neighbourhood of
the gall-bladder. Having suffered the liver to fall back, to examine
the intestines, I was astonished at not being able to find them an
instant after; they disappeared without doubt by the contraction of
the vessel. I would remark upon this subject, that the liver is the
organ upon which these vessels are best seen in living animals; but it
is necessary to examine its concave face the instant the abdomen is
opened; for the contact of the air by contracting them, soon prevents
their being distinguished.
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