General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
Besides I believe that in no case are the absorbents as much distended
during life by serum, as they are by mercury from injections. When
these have succeeded well, we see upon many parts a net-work of very
evident vessels. On the contrary, most commonly nothing similar is to
be seen in living animals. With whatever promptness we examine most
of the surfaces which the serous membranes cover, surfaces that can
be laid bare without making the blood flow, nothing is seen, except
sometimes small transparent striæ, which soon disappear. Now it is
impossible that if the absorbents were as full during life, as they are
by injections, but what their transparency contrasted with the colour
of the surrounding parts, would render them evident. I have selected
however very large dogs, to try to see their course better. I believe
that injections double at least the diameter of these vessels.
_Of the Capacity of the Absorbents in their course._
The capacity of the absorbents is remarkably variable; it depends
entirely, in the dead body, on the state in which these vessels were
in the last moments. In subjects of the same stature and age, they are
sometimes very apparent, at others hardly visible. They are double,
treble even, in some dropsical patients, what they are in a natural
state. Many authors say that they have seen branches almost equal
to the thoracic duct, and larger than the trunk of the right side.
To be convinced of the extreme variety of the absorbents, without
the assistance of injections, take the lymphatic glands in different
places, then dissect carefully the parts in the neighbourhood; you
will easily find all the absorbents that go to them. Then you will be
able to satisfy yourself of the extreme variety of their size; we can
even in this way trace them far enough without injection. Sometimes
in order to find the end of the thoracic duct, I take a gland in the
neighbourhood of the second lumbar vertebra; thus following the empty
lymphatic tubes that go from it towards the canal, I find it without
difficulty.
When we are not in the habit of finding immediately the absorbents,
this method of searching for them by means of the glands, which are
always very evident, infallibly succeeds; it cannot be used it is true
in the extremities; but in the thorax and especially in the abdomen, it
is very convenient. For example, by taking the inguinal glands we can
trace these vessels to the thoracic duct, by injecting them, or even
without. Some authors have advised making an opening in the gland and
placing a tube in it; this rarely succeeds; it is much better to open
the vessels that go from the gland, at the place where they go off.
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