General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
The internal membrane which forms the peculiar texture of the
absorbents is continuous with that of the veins, and forms with it an
uninterrupted series of small tubes. Delicate, transparent, it is
moistened in the dead body by an unctuous fluid, which is, I believe,
unknown to it in the living, as that of the arteries is to those
vessels. It adheres to the external membrane by a compact cellular
texture, which, as in the veins, is rarely subject to ossification.
Mascagni has however mentioned an instance of it in the absorbents of
the pelvis. But there is another affection analogous to this, which
I have already seen many times in this kind of vessels. Their cavity
often contains a white matter, like plaster, especially on the external
surface of the lungs. Then without any preparation, the absorbents
exhibit almost the appearance which they have when mercury fills them.
The peculiar membrane, forms by its folds, valves similar to those of
the veins, but much more numerous. We find these united two by two,
rarely one exists alone. They leave between them small intervals, very
variable however in extent. Hence it happens that the thoracic duct
can sometimes be injected from above below through its whole extent,
sometimes it receives the fluid only in a short space, according as
the valves are more or less numerous in its cavity; which depends also
much on the relation of their width to the caliber of the vessel, a
relation which varies from the same causes as those assigned for the
veins. Hence it happens, that an absorbent filled with injection does
or does not exhibit in great number those knots, which, as we have
said, indicate valves. Wherever a branch is united to a trunk two of
these folds exist at the place of their junction. This is remarkable
especially in the thoracic duct, which injected from above, presents
a dilatation at the origin of each branch, because in this place the
valves are opposed to the fluid. Not numerous in the superficial system
of the organs covered by the serous membranes, as upon the convexity
of the lungs, and the spleen, they easily allow the passage of the
mercury from one division to another, and their ordinary functions are
supplied there by the great number of the anastomoses.
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