General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 2 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
All these observations throw great obscurity upon the termination of
the absorbents. I think that if on the one hand, we cannot doubt that
the greatest number of these vessels, those especially that come from
the serous surfaces, from the cellular texture, from the intestines,
have known terminations, we ought on the other to suspend our judgment
as to the manner in which the others terminate, and that the question
must remain wholly undecided upon this point, till it has been settled
by new experiments. Here, as in so many other points, physiology
has need of great light. 1st. The enormous disproportion between
the absorbents and their common trunks; 2d, the impossibility of
understanding from the analogy of the veins, the lymphatic circulation,
with the apparatus that injections exhibit as its vessels; 3d, many
probabilities against and many in favour of venous absorption; 4th, no
other known way for the fluids which enter the blood by the absorbents,
than the trunks noticed above. There is nothing but obscurity and
contradiction in the different data which would assist us to resolve
this problem.
IV. _Structure of the Absorbents._
This structure, capable only of being seen in the great trunks,
the thoracic duct, for example, presents us at first in its common
organization, a layer of dense cellular texture, of the same nature
as that of which we have already so often spoken, of which we shall
speak again, and which is found around the arteries, the veins, the
excretories, under the mucous surfaces, &c. &c. This filamentous
texture, connected only to a certain degree with the vessel,
strengthens it however much, by surrounding it with an external
membrane superadded to that which is peculiar to it. If, as Cruikshank
has done, we turn this duct inside out, and introduce into it a tube of
glass of a diameter a little larger than its own, this last membrane
will break. It is as in the arteries, in which a ligature cuts the
internal membrane and not the cellular. The same phenomenon takes place
from inflation; a much greater effort is necessary then to break the
cellular texture, than to rupture the peculiar membrane of the thoracic
duct.
No fleshy fibre is observed, in an evident manner at least, in the
absorbents. Some authors have admitted that they were there, but
injection contradicts them, even as it regards the thoracic duct. Blood
vessels probably run over the parietes of the absorbents; in ordinary
injections they are often very conspicuous on the thoracic duct. We
know not if there are nerves there; there is but little appearance of
them, if we may judge by the analogy of the veins, which have a great
relation in structure with these vessels.
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