General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
They are almost in an inverse order of those of the preceding system.
_Properties of Animal Life. Sensibility._
The animal sensibility is slight in the organic muscles. We know
the observation related by Harvey upon a caries of the sternum that
laid bare the heart; they irritated, without its being felt by the
patient, this organ, which only contracted under the stimulant. Remove
the peritoneum behind the bladder of a living dog, and irritate the
subjacent muscular layer, the animal gives but few marks of pain. It
is difficult to make these experiments upon the intestines and the
stomach; their muscular coat is so delicate that we cannot act upon it
without at the same time stimulating the subjacent nerves.
It appears that the organic muscles are much less susceptible of the
feeling of lassitude, of which the preceding become the seat after
great exercise. I do not know however if in those to which many
cerebral nerves go, it does not take place; for example, when the
stomach has been for a long time contracted, it is probable that the
lassitude of its fibres, produces in part the painful sensation that
we then have, and which we call hunger, a sensation that should be
distinguished from the general affection that succeeds it, and which
becomes truly a disease, when abstinence has been too much prolonged.
We know that substances not nutritive then appease this sensation
without remedying the disease, when the stomach is filled with them.
I refer to the same kind of sensibility the anxiety and distress
which patients experience, in whom we keep the bladder in permanent
contraction by an open sound in the urethra, which transmits the urine
as fast as it falls from the ureters. This sensation does not resemble
that of hunger, because the sensibility of the bladder and that of
the stomach being different, their modifications cannot be the same.
Thus each of these two sensations is different from that of which the
muscles of animal life, for a long time contracted, become the seat. I
do not believe that the sensation of hunger belongs solely to the cause
I have pointed out, and which others have not spoken of; but it cannot
be denied that it has much part in it. Who knows if, after a fever in
which the action of the heart has been for a long time accelerated,
the weakness of the pulse which accompanies convalescence, is not a
sign of the lassitude in which its fleshy fibres are, on account of the
antecedent motion? We know the painful sensation of fatigue which the
stomach experiences after the contractions of vomiting.
_Contractility._
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