General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
It appears then to be demonstrated, 1st, that the absorbents open by
an infinite number of orifices upon the serous membranes; 2d, that
their origins a thousand times intermixed with each other, and with the
orifices of the exhalants, contribute especially to form their texture;
3d, that the difficulty of distinguishing the absorbent and exhalant
pores is no reason for denying their existence, this difficulty arising
from their extreme delicacy and from the oblique direction in which
they open between the layers of these membranes; thus the obliquity
of the insertion of the duct of Warton, and of the ductus choledochus
even would render the inspection of them very difficult, though these
ducts were infinitely larger; 4th, that from this structure, the serous
membranes, always arranged as we have seen in the form of sacs without
an opening, should be regarded as great reservoirs between the exhalant
and absorbent systems, in which the lymph in going from one remains
some time before entering the other, in which it undoubtedly undergoes
various preparations of which we shall always be ignorant, because it
would be necessary to analyze it comparatively in these two orders
of vessels, which is almost impossible, at least for the first, and
finally in which it serves different uses relative to the organs around
which it forms a humid atmosphere.
_Blood Vessels._
Do blood vessels enter into the structure of the serous membranes?
These vessels are very numerous around them, as is seen in the
peritoneum, the pericardium, the pleura, &c.; they wind upon their
external surface and ramify there. But I have always doubted whether
the greatest number of those which are thus contiguous to them, really
make a part of their texture, and I am even convinced of the contrary.
The following considerations support my opinion. 1st. When these
vessels are injected, they can be easily raised with a scalpel from the
external face of these membranes, without injuring their continuity,
which can never be done in the fibrous or mucous membranes. 2d. No
blood vessel is discoverable on these membranes which are free on
both faces. The arachnoides at the base of the cranium furnishes an
example of this. 3d. The vessels frequently change relations with these
membranes. I have proved above that when the omentum is applied to the
stomach when it is full, the vessels that are between its layers, do
not mount with it upon this viscus, on account of the great stomachic
coronary which opposes it. When dead bodies having large hernias are
injected, the vessels that wind in the ordinary state upon the surface
of the peritoneum which corresponds to the ring, are not seen extending
below upon the hernial sac. Certainly the vessels that are observed
in the broad ligaments of the womb, do not follow them in the great
displacements they undergo in pregnancy.
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