General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
The glandular texture, which is very commonly called parenchyma, is in
general arranged in three different ways. 1st. In the pancreas, the
salivary and lachrymal glands, there are distinct lobes, separated by
cellular texture, resulting from smaller lobes which are agglomerated
together and which are composed of still less lobes, that are called
glandular grains; the scalpel traces with ease the first, second, third
and even fourth divisions. 2d. In the liver and the kidneys there is
found no trace of the first of these divisions, of those into principal
and even secondary lobes. The glandular grains all in juxta-position,
having between them an equal quantity of cellular texture, a quantity
which is very small, as we shall see, present an uniform texture
without inequality, which is broken with ease, as I have said, and the
rupture of which exhibits species of granulations. 3d. The prostate,
the amygdalæ and all the mucous glands have a soft parenchyma, like
pulp, without the appearance of principal or secondary lobes, or
even glandular grains, not breaking, yielding much more under the
finger that compresses it, than that of the other glands. The simple
inspection of the glandular system is sufficient to enable any one to
perceive the triple difference which I have just pointed out, and which
is essential. The testicles and the mammæ have a peculiar texture which
cannot be referred to these differences.
Authors have been much occupied with the intimate structure of the
glands. Malpighi admitted that there were small bodies in them, which
he believed were formed of a peculiar nature. Ruysch determined that
they were all vascular. Let us neglect all these idle questions, in
which neither inspection nor experiment can guide us. Let us begin to
study anatomy where the organs can be subjected to our senses. The
exact progress of the sciences in this age is not accommodated to all
these hypotheses, which made general anatomy and physiology but a
frivolous romance in the last.
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