General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
All the glands have ducts destined to carry off the fluid which they
secrete from the mass of blood; now as they are only found in the
glands, they should be considered with the peculiar texture of these
organs. The origin of these ducts is uniform in all the glands. They
arise, like the veins, by an infinite number of capillaries, which form
the last ramifications of a kind of tree, these ramifications appear to
begin at each glandular grain, where these grains exist; so that for
each there is one of these, an artery and a vein. Arising thus from the
whole of the interior of the gland, these ducts soon unite and form
larger ducts, which usually go in a straight line though the glandular
texture, converge towards each other, unite with other ducts still
larger and terminate differently.
In respect to this termination, glands should be divided into three
classes. 1st. Some transmit their fluids by many ducts, each of which
is the assemblage of smaller ducts, opening at the side of each other,
but all entirely distinct and without communication. Sometimes at
the place where these ducts terminate, a more or less considerable
prominence is observed, as on the breast, as also on the prostate,
of which the verumontanum is a kind of nipple. Sometimes there is
a depression, a sort of cul-de-sac which is found at the place of
these orifices, as in the amygdalæ, upon the tongue, &c. Sometimes
the surface on which the different ducts of a gland open, is smooth
and even, as is the case with that on which those of the lachrymal,
sublingual and almost all the mucous glands open. 2d. Other glands
pour out their fluid by a single duct, as the parotids, the pancreas,
the sublinguals, &c.; this arrangement is only a modification of the
preceding; where the duct opens, no inequality is usually discovered,
the surface is smooth. 3d. There are glands which, before throwing
out their fluid by their excretories, deposit it for some time in a
reservoir where it remains to be afterwards expelled; such as the
kidneys, the liver, the testicles, &c. Here there are always two
excretories, one which goes from the gland to the reservoir, the other
from the reservoir outwards. These reservoirs are evidently a part of
the same system to which their excretory ducts belong.
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