General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
The size of the excretories varies. 1st. Those which go out in
considerable number from a gland are very small, often hardly
perceptible. They commonly run their course in a straight line, do not
anastomose with each other and open immediately upon going out of the
gland. 2d. Those that are single are larger, always in proportion to
the size of their gland, except however the hepatic which is evidently
very small in comparison with the liver. They run their course out of
their glands, and arise from ducts as large as those of the preceding
ones; so that if a single trunk arose from the excretories of these,
they would resemble the others in every respect. They differ only in
this, that their secondary excretories open directly on their surface,
whereas they unite in a common trunk in the others. The pancreas is
the only one in which this common trunk goes concealed in the gland
itself. It is only in the testicles that it is tortuous, and in which,
on this account, it is longer than the course which it has to run.
Whatever may be their arrangement, the excretories pour all their fluid
either on the exterior, as the urethra, and ureters, the lactiferous
tubes, and the ducts of the sebaceous glands; or on the interior of the
mucous membranes, as the mucous, salivary, pancreatic, prostate and
hepatic excretories. The cutaneous and mucous surfaces are the only
ones then on which the excretories terminate, the only ones which their
fluids moisten. These ducts are never seen opening upon the serous or
synovial surfaces. The excretories of the pretended articular glands
would be, if they existed, an exception to the laws of the general
organization. The excretories never open in the cellular texture; if
this happens preternaturally, either abscesses take place from the
irritation which results from it, as in urinary fistulas, or a callus
forms in the course of the excreted fluid, and thus defend the cellular
system from a troublesome infiltration.
Hence the mucous tube of the intestines should be considered as a kind
of general excretory added to the pancreatic, hepatic excretories,
&c. and which throws out all the fluids which are separately poured
by these ducts into it. In fact, all the secreted fluids appear to be
destined, as I have said, to be thrown out of the body. Separated from
the mass of blood, they are foreign to it, and do not enter it in a
natural state. Though still contained in cavities with mucous surfaces,
they may be truly considered as being out of our parts. These surfaces
are really true internal integuments, destined to defend the organs
from the contact of the substances which they contain, a contact which
would inevitably be injurious to them.
_Remarks on the Secreted Fluids._
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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