General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
In the glands with a compact parenchyma, as the liver, the kidney, the
prostate, the mucous glands, &c. &c. there is very little cellular
texture; by tearing them in different directions, they break without
exhibiting intermediate laminæ. Fat is never found accumulated in
their parenchyma. The fatty state of the liver which takes place in
many diseases, and which is not, as has been thought, an affection
necessarily attendant upon phthisis, exhibits a phenomenon wholly
different from the mammæ and the salivary glands when they have become
fatty. The fat enters then like an element into the texture of the
organ; it is in this respect like the colouring substance, whose place
it has as it were taken; it is not found in cells. Moreover much of
it can be extracted by ebullition, and I have observed that much of
it swims on the surface of the water in which livers of this kind are
boiled. The kidney also has fat in its interior; but it is around the
pelvis and not in its peculiar parenchyma. The amygdalæ, the prostate,
the mucous glands, &c. never have it. Serum is never effused into the
texture of the glands with a compact parenchyma. The most complete
leucophlegmasia leaves them sound in this respect.
Yet it cannot be doubted that the cellular texture exists in these
glands; maceration demonstrates it in them. In the fungous tumours
that grow out of them, there is much of it. It is principally around
the vessels that it is found; the capsule of Glisson is an example of
this. It often happens even, as I have been led to observe, that this
texture becomes diseased, whilst that of the gland remains sound. Thus
we see steatomatous tumours developed in the liver, serous cysts in the
kidney, hydatids in both, and various productions in the other glands,
without deranging the secretion in the least. It is upon the liver
especially that these observations are best made; its size is trebled,
even often quadrupled by internal tumours, without an increase of its
texture; this texture dilated forms between these tumours, species of
partitions in which the bile is secreted as usual. The same thing takes
place in the kidney, in which serous cysts are found. Sometimes these
cysts grow there till the whole glandular texture is destroyed, and
there remains only a large sac separated by membranous partitions, and
filled with serum. I have preserved three kidneys of this kind.
_Blood Vessels._
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