General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
All the glands not covered by a membrane, receive their arteries from
all sides. Numerous branches coming from the neighbouring vessels,
penetrate the whole surface of the pancreas, the salivary and lachrymal
glands, &c. These arteries wind at first in the interstices between
the lobes, ramify afterwards between the smaller lobes and finally
penetrate the glandular grains. Each of them has its own artery;
all communicate together; so that those of the sub-maxillary and the
sub-lingual are filled by injection made by means of small tubes into
the sub-mental, the external maxillary or the lingual, as well as by an
injection of the trunk even of the external carotid.
In the glands surrounded by a membrane, as the liver, the kidney,
the testicle, &c. the arteries enter only at one side, usually in a
fissure, and by a single trunk which is very considerable, and which is
sometimes divided into many branches more or less large. This part of
the gland in which the artery enters is always the most distant from
the action of external bodies, a remark common to all the important
organs, as the lungs, the intestines, the spleen, &c. which always
present externally their convex surface, that on which the vessels are
the most ramified; so that the place where an injury can happen to
them is that where hemorrhage is the least to be feared. The principal
artery, after it has entered the gland, is soon divided into different
branches which separate and are subdivided as they approach the
convexity. They give off in their course many branches to the body of
the gland and then terminate by a great number of capillaries on the
convex part of the gland. They often even pierce the organ and ramify
between it and the membrane which covers it. For example, by injecting
the hepatic artery, if the liver is bare, many small blackish striæ
suddenly appear on its convexity, which are owing to this cause. The
best means of seeing the glandular arterial system, is to inject a
kidney with a solid substance, and afterwards destroy its parenchyma
by maceration or something else. The arterial system is then bare and
entirely by itself. Many of these preparations are found in anatomical
museums.
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