General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
As to the glands situated at the two extremities, as on the one
hand the testicles, and on the other the salivary glands, we hardly
observe in them the sanguineous stagnation, because the reflux is not
sufficiently evident. We cannot then, in this way, judge but by analogy
of their extensibility and contractility.
Yet the engorgements of the testicles, consequent upon gonorrhœa,
and the various swellings of the parotid glands prove that these
properties exist to a certain extent. Are the liver, the kidneys and
other internal glands subject to those acute swellings that are often
seen in the sub-cutaneous ones? It is very probable; perhaps even
physicians have not paid sufficient regard to the accessory symptoms
which may arise for a moment from the pressure of these swelled organs
on the neighbouring parts. Besides, this swelling and the contraction
that follows it, may take place especially in the cellular texture of
the gland, and consequently suppose less extensibility of the glandular
texture than they at first seem to.
II. _Vital Properties. Properties of Animal Life._
The animal contractility is evidently nothing in the glandular texture.
Does the sensibility of the same kind exist in it? The following facts
are connected with this. 1st. A compression of the parotid is to a
certain degree painful. I have even been obliged, in a particular case,
to give up the method of compression that Desault had advised for a
salivary fistula, on account of the pain the patient experienced; but
the numerous nerves which traverse this gland may be the cause of these
pains. 2d. We know that the instant the lithotome cuts the prostate,
or the stone and forceps pass over it, the patient suffers very much.
3d. Stones lodged in the kidneys occasion horrible pains. 4th. Any
considerable pressure of the testicle is very painful.
On the other hand we can cut the texture of the liver and the animal
will give no signs of pain. Haller, after many experiments, ranked the
glands among the insensible parts. What is to be concluded from this?
That the animal sensibility, modified in a thousand ways, appears
to exist in many organs in which certain agents cannot put it in
action, and in which others develop it remarkably. We know that the
various morbid alterations render it very evident in the glands. The
inflammatory pain of these organs has even a peculiar character; it
is obtuse and dull in the greatest number of cases. There is never
experienced in them the acute sensation which characterises cellular
inflammation, or the sharp and biting pain of which the skin is so
often the seat.
_Properties of Organic Life._
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