General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
The affections of the glandular system are not the predominant ones
in early age. 1st. It is not the parotids that are enlarged in the
frequent swellings that take place in their neighbourhood, but it is
almost always the lymphatic glands. 2d. We know that an excessive flow
of bile, and the affections which arise from it, are then very rare.
3d. All the secretions relating to generation are absolutely nothing.
4th. In the same proportion in which the organic affections of the
liver and the kidneys are common in the adult, are they rare in the
infant. Then it is in what are improperly called lymphatic glands,
in the brain, &c. that the morbid anatomist finds materials for his
researches; for observe that the organs which are particularly in
action in one age, are those which are most often attacked by acute
and chronic diseases at that age, and that on the contrary they seem
to forget those in which but little is done. 5th. Surgeons know that
sarcoceles, hydroceles by effusion, varicoceles and all the diseases of
the testicles are as rare before the period of puberty, when nutrition
only is going on in these glands, as they are common in the subsequent
years.
It appears that it is the mucous glands which are then the most
commonly affected and are consequently in the greatest activity. The
lachrymal glands are also very frequently in action. The infant weeps
more often than the adult; we might say that all the passions which
agitate this age have but one uniform mode of expression, and this
mode is weeping. If the infant suffers, if he is jealous or frightened
he weeps; if he is furious, he weeps because he is not very strong.
This influence of the passions upon the lachrymal gland in the early
years, seems to take place at the expense of the influence exerted
upon the other glands. It is rare that fear or fright give to infants
a sudden jaundice, or that they excite bilious secretions. At this age
they do not pass water and void their excrements from fright as often
as in the after ages; they have not the spasmodic vomitings that are
so frequently occasioned by the passions of the adult; they do not
become pale or red as much in anger; thus the countenance is not to
the same extent the moveable picture upon which is painted the emotions
of the mind. The eye does not sparkle in anger and is not expressive
in friendship. It is the lachrymal gland which then most often serves
in the face, for the expression of the passions. Observe that this
expression is that of weakness and want of power, it is that of woman,
who resembles the infant in so many phenomena. The feeble stag opposes
his tears to the dogs, who seize upon him to devour him.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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