General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
The glandular texture remains for a long time soft and delicate in the
infant. At birth and in the fœtus, neither the liver nor the kidneys
have the singular property of hardening by boiling. They remain during
this experiment very tender and yield easily to the least impression.
If the boiling be ever so long continued, they do not lose this
character, which is gradually weakened as we advance in age, and which
at this period makes the glands fit for some uses in our kitchens to
which they are not so proper in the adult.
III. _State of the Glandular System after Growth._
Puberty commences about the period that growth finishes. A gland till
then inactive in man, enters suddenly into activity. The prostate
follows it in its development. In woman the breasts swell, separate,
and acquire in a short time a size which they would not have done
in many years, if they had grown according to the same laws as in
the preceding state. The other glands, far from being weakened, in
proportion as these become stronger, increase their action also; they
become stronger, and gradually lose the softness that characterized
them in infancy; they moreover grow harder.
Till then composition had predominated over decomposition in the
general nutritive motion. Then almost as many substances are constantly
thrown from each organ, as enter its interior to nourish it. Now as
the glands are the great emunctories which throw out the residue of
nutrition, they then pour out more fluids in proportion than before.
During youth it is the genital glands which predominate over the
others; they seem to be a centre whence go irradiations that animate
the whole machine. We might say most often that they are, in the
mechanism of our moral actions, the spring which puts every thing in
motion.
As we recede from youth, the influence of the genital glands becomes
weaker, because they are in less activity. Towards the thirty-sixth or
fortieth year, it is especially the glands destined to digestion which
predominate over the others, and among these the liver in particular
seems to be in activity. Then the bilious affections are predominant;
then the passions to which the bilious temperament seems to dispose
us, more frequently agitate the mind. Ambition, hatred and jealousy
are often the sad attendants of this age. These passions are then
more durable. The levity of youth and the passions arising from the
influence of the genital glands, which predominate at this age, had
for a time suppressed these, or rather had prevented them from being
developed. Then they remain alone, the others having escaped in smoke
with the fire of youth. Then also the influence of the lively emotions
of the mind affects especially the glands and the abdominal viscera.
Then is felt that contraction at the epigastric region, the painful
effect of the bad passions; jaundice occasioned by sorrow is then more
frequent.
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