General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
Habit extends its empire, in relation to the skin, even to our manners
themselves. Decency is in this respect a thing of comparison. An Indian
woman, with nothing but a narrow cloth around the pelvis, would be with
us an object at which the public modesty would be shocked. The habit
of mankind serves her as a veil in her own country. A female savage
transported entirely naked to the same country, would be indecent
there; she is not so in her own. Observe our fashions in their rapid
succession; a woman, who by not changing her costume, would have had
two years since, that of a courtezan, would now find herself dressed
with great modesty. Indecency in costume is that merely which shocks
our habit. The female Indian, with the rag that covers only a quarter
of her body, is more decent than the woman in whom a small opening
separated the neck-handkerchief in our old fashions. The sight of the
face shocks those people among whom females are veiled. Let us consider
then habit as the type of the decency of costumes. Nature has wished in
physiology, that the phenomena over which it presides, should be slowly
connected; it is the same in morals. The woman who suddenly changes her
dress from one that is close to one that is not, exposes herself to
painful sensations, to catarrhal diseases, &c. and shocks the eyes of
those who had been accustomed to see her in a different exterior. When
the change is gradually and insensibly brought about, neither health
nor morals are affected.
Habit does not modify the cutaneous sensibility which arises from an
alteration of texture, from an inflammation, &c. Powerfully raised in
this last state, it is much above its natural level. Then the least
contact becomes extremely painful; thus the skin is no longer then in
a state to exercise the sense of feeling. The touch itself does not
distinguish general sensations. All bodies make a common and uniform
impression, it is that of pain.
The animal sensibility of the skin sometimes diminishes and even
disappears; paralysis is a proof of this. These affections, more rare
than the loss of motion, often however take place. In the organs of
the senses, it is the eye which most frequently loses the sensation;
the ear comes next, then the skin, then the nostrils and finally
the tongue, which is the sensitive organ that is always most rarely
paralyzed, no doubt because it is that which is the most connected
with the support of organic life, without which we could not exist.
The others belong especially to animal life, which we can lose in part
without ceasing to exist.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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