General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
1st. There are diseases of the papillæ; these are the paralyses and
various kinds of increase of feeling, which reside only in the nerves.
Women are especially subject to these last, which are so great in some
nervous affections, that mere contact of the skin if considerably
powerful produces convulsions. To this also should be referred the
extreme susceptibility of some individuals in whom tickling produces a
general revolution. It is necessary to distinguish these exaltations
of animal sensibility, from those of which we have spoken above, and
which depend upon inflammation. The organic sensibility is especially
affected in these last; we might say that by its increase it is
transformed into animal sensibility; whereas in the other case this
last property alone is altered.
2d. There are diseases which have evidently their seat in the cellular
texture which occupies the dermoid spaces; such are the inflammations
of the cutaneous portion which covers a phlegmon, a bile, &c.
3d. There are diseases of the external capillary net-work, from which
the exhalants arise. To this must be referred erysipelas, many species
of herpes, measles, scarlatina and many acute cutaneous eruptions that
are daily met with in practice.
4th. Finally, there are diseases in which the chorion is affected.
Elephantiasis, and in general many chronic cutaneous diseases appear
to me to be of this number, and I will even observe that the chorion
never appears to be primarily affected in acute diseases. The
obscurity of its vital forces, its dense and compact texture, and its
comparative want of vessels prevent it from accommodating itself except
to chronic affections. In phlegmonous erysi pelas, in biles, &c. it
is only influenced, but it is not essentially diseased. Thus we have
seen that all the affections of the osseous, cartilaginous, fibrous,
fibro-cartilaginous systems, &c. are really slow and chronic, on
account of the texture and the vital obscurity of these systems.
Now if we reflect on this division of cutaneous diseases, we shall see
that except those of the first class, which are not numerous and which
consist in greater or less alterations of animal sensibility, we shall
see, I say, that all the others suppose a more or less considerable
affection of the organic sensibility and of the corresponding
insensible contractility. All are derived from an increase, a
diminution or an alteration of these properties.
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