General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
A bath which acts upon the skin during digestion, affects
sympathetically the stomach, and disturbs this function. When this
viscus is agitated by spasmodic motions, oftentimes the influence which
it receives from it suddenly calms it, and brings it to its ordinary
state. Not long since in my evening visit at the Hôtel Dieu, I saw a
woman who was vomiting continually from a sudden suppression of her
catamenia. I directed sedatives which were useless. The next evening
she was in the same state; I had her put into a bath; every thing was
calmed the moment she came out of it, and yet the catamenia did not
return. Few organs are more dependant on the skin than the stomach.
The action of cold upon the cutaneous organ produces many sympathetic
effects, especially when this action takes place while we are sweating.
The term repercussion of transpiration is not proper to express what
then takes place; it gives a very inaccurate idea. Let us suppose that
a pleurisy arises from cold suddenly applied, the following is what
happens; the organic sensibility of the skin being immediately altered,
that of the pleura is sympathetically altered. By it the exhalants
become in relation with the blood; they admit it instead of the serum
which they before received, and inflammation supervenes. Thus this
phenomenon is the same as that in which the application of a cold body
upon the skin suddenly arrests uterine, nasal hemorrhage, &c. &c.; the
result only differs. Now in this last case, no one ever supposed that
there was a repercussion of fluid. The suppression of the transpiration
is a thing purely accessory and foreign to the internal inflammation
which takes place. When the skin sweats in summer, the vital forces
are more raised by the caloric which penetrates it; in this state, it
is more capable of acting sympathetically upon the forces of the other
systems. Hence why all strong stimulants that act upon it are more to
be feared then. It is so true that it is not the suppression of the
sweat which is dangerous, but the alteration of the vital forces of
the skin which sweats, that many kinds, as the sweat of phthisis, are
not so injurious when they cease for a time; they are checked even
with much more difficulty, because they are not produced by a cause
acting immediately upon the skin. Now if there was a repercussion of
the transpiration, every species of sweat that was suppressed would be
injurious. We never hear of a peripneumony arising from a suppression
of sweat produced by fear, rheumatism, &c. There would be then also a
repercussion of mucous matter, when a pleurisy arises from swallowing
a glass of cold water. Men judge only by that which is striking. The
suppression of the sweat is an effect like inflammation of the pleura,
but it is not the cause of it. If there was no sweat the instant the
cold was applied to the skin, inflammation would nevertheless come on.
In wounds of the head, with abscesses of the liver, &c. there is no
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