General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
1st. There is no doubt that the animal sensibility of the soles of
the feet and the palms of the hands is greater than that of the other
parts. Many persons are so sensible in the hypochondriac region, that
the least tickling there produces convulsions. The anterior and lateral
part of the trunk is always more sensible than the region of the back.
2d. The organic properties do not vary less. The extreme susceptibility
of the face to receive the blood, is a proof of it, as I have said. It
is generally known that some parts are more proper than others for the
application of blisters. Observe on this subject that the places where
the animal sensibility predominates, are not the same as those in which
the organic is in the greatest proportion. The soles of the feet and
the palms of the hands hold the first rank in relation to one, and the
face in relation to the other.
In diseases we also see these varieties. Who does not know that some
particular parts of the skin are especially the seat of some particular
cutaneous affections, and that when these affections are general, they
always predominate in certain places. We ought not to be astonished
at these varieties, since we have seen that the dermoid texture is
infinitely variable as it respects its papillæ, its reticular body, its
chorion, &c.
_Second Character. Intermission in one relation; continuity in another._
The life of the cutaneous system is essentially intermittent in
relation to animal sensibility. All the senses exhibit this phenomenon.
Thus when the eye has for a long time gazed upon objects, the ear heard
sounds, the nose received odours, and the mouth tastes, these different
organs become unfit to receive new sensations; they become fatigued,
and require rest to regain their forces. It is the same with regard to
feeling and the touch; wearied by the impression of surrounding bodies,
the skin requires an intermission of action to regain excitability
adapted to new impressions. We know that a short time before sleep,
external bodies produce but an obscure sensation upon it, and that
their contact has no effect in this state, in which animals seem
to lose half of their existence. The more powerfully the cutaneous
sensibility has been excited, the more profound is sleep; hence why
all painful exercises, great frictions, &c. are always followed by a
deep sleep. Yet this sense can sometimes exert itself, while the others
sleep; pinch the leg of a man asleep; he draws it away without waking,
and has afterwards no remembrance of the sensation. Thus somnambulists
often hear sounds, even eat, &c.; for, as I have said elsewhere, sleep
may affect but a very limited part of animal life, as it may the whole.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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