General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
For a long time after birth the skin still preserves a remarkable
degree of softness; a very great quantity of gelatine enters it; this
substance is obtained from it with great ease by ebullition, which,
continued for some time, finally melts this organ entirely. The fibrous
part noticed by Seguin, is in very small quantity. I think it is this
predominance of the gelatinous portion of the skin, which renders that
of young animals easy of digestion. We know that in calves’ heads,
roasted lamb, and small sucking pigs, prepared for our tables, it
presents an aliment which the digestive juices alter with the greatest
ease; whilst that of animals of mature age and especially old ones,
cannot be digested by them. The carnivorous species tear their prey,
feed upon its internal organs, the muscles especially, and leave the
skin. Now what is it that makes the skin of young animals differ from
that of old ones? It is because the gelatinous substance predominates
over the fibrous in the first, and the fibrous predominates in the
second.
The skin of children is gradually thickened; but it is not until the
thirtieth year that it acquires the thickness that it is always to have
afterwards. Till then the different ages are marked in this respect
by different degrees. Take a portion of skin at birth, at two, six,
ten, fifteen, twenty years, &c. you will see these differences in a
remarkable manner. The more its thickness increases the more compact
it becomes; it is because the fibrous substance tends constantly to
predominate over the gelatinous.
As we advance in age, the adhesion of the internal surface of the
dermis with the subjacent cellular texture becomes much greater. It is
more difficult to detach one from the other. On the external surface
the wrinkles of the face are gradually formed. Smiles and tears
agitate the face of the infant the most. One is the expression of the
happiness, the other of the uneasiness which all its passions produce
in its mind. Now the wrinkles which weeping occasions on the eyelids
are marked in rather a more permanent manner, either because weeping
is more frequent than smiling, or because continual winking adds to
the motion which weeping produces, or because less fat is found in
this place. As smiling is on the one hand more rare, and on the other
much fat puffs out the cheeks of the infant, the perpendicular wrinkles
formed by the muscles of the face, which in this motion separate
transversely the features from within outwards, are much slower in
forming. Besides, the nursing of the infant, which requires the
contraction of its face from without inwards, opposes their formation.
The wrinkles of the forehead are always very slow in forming, because
the motions which contract the eyebrow, and those which wrinkle the
forehead, are rare in the infant, who has hardly any of those dark
passions which these motions serve to depict.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3) — John Shaqi
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account