General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
This thickness takes from the epidermis the transparency it has in the
other parts; it is whitish and opake even on the hand and the foot.
Thus the epidermis which, in negroes not being coloured, allows the
blackness of the subjacent reticular texture to be seen, conceals in
part this blackness in these places. I have observed however, by means
of maceration, that the less deep colour of the soles of the feet and
the palms of the hands depends also in this race upon this, that the
reticular texture is really less coloured. We might say that every
thing relates to animal sensibility in this region, the capillary
net-work of which appears to be less, and in which all the phenomena
that are derived from organic sensibility are much less active.
In examining in this relation the hand and foot of a negro, I have
been led to make upon the colour of the reticular body some other
experiments, which form a short digression. 1st. By plunging into
boiling water a piece of the dermis taken from any part it becomes
twice as black, almost immediately; which is probably owing to this,
that the fibres in approximating by the horny hardening, bring
together the colouring particles, whence arises a deeper black. This
phenomenon is very striking, when the piece plunged into the water is
compared with one that has not been. 2d. Maceration for a month or
two, sometimes removes the epidermis without the reticular body, the
seat of colour, and sometimes detaches the whole together. 3d. Being
immersed for some days in cold water produces no sensible effect. 4th.
Long continued stewing hardly changes at all this colour, after the
deep tinge that has been suddenly given to it. Only by scraping with
a scalpel the external surface of the skin which is then reduced to a
kind of gelatinous pulp, we easily detach the coloured reticular body
from it, which however always remains adherent to a small portion of
the chorion. 5th. Sulphuric acid, which reduces the skin like all the
other organs to a kind of pulpy state, also enables us to remove this
coloured portion easily, which is detached in separate pieces, but the
shade of which is hardly altered at all. 6th. Nitric acid, though very
much weakened, does not facilitate so much the removal of this coloured
portion. It yellows the internal surface of the skin and the epidermis;
but it has appeared to me to produce but very little effect upon the
blackness of the reticular body. 7th. A portion of the skin of a negro,
immersed for twenty-four hours in a solution of caustic potash, has
not appeared to me to have undergone any alteration in its colour. I
have made the same observation when I used a weaker solution. 8th.
Putrefaction detaches the coloured portion of the skin, sometimes with
the epidermis, sometimes alone, but it does not alter its colour. I
have not employed other agents to ascertain the nature of this colour
of the skin of negroes. Let us return to the epidermis, which we have
for a moment lost sight of.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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