General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3)Bichat, Xavier
Science
General Anatomy, Applied to Physiology and Medicine, Vol. 3 (of 3)
Bichat, Xavier
Human anatomy; Human physiology
In general, I think that there are but few systems which deserve, more
than this of which we are treating, to fix the attention of physicians,
on account of the innumerable alterations of which it is susceptible,
alterations which almost always suppose those of the predominant
vital properties of this system, as the alterations of the muscular,
nervous systems, &c. most often put in action the properties which more
particularly belong to them, viz. animal contractility for one, and the
sensibility of the same species for the other.
The sensible organic contractility does not appear to be the attribute
of the mucous system; yet there is often in it something more than the
insensible oscillations which compose the other organic contractility.
For example, in the emission of semen, in which there is no agent of
impulse at the extremity of the urethra, as in the evacuation of urine,
it is very probable that this is spasmodically contracted to produce
the jet, oftentimes very strong, which then takes place. The following
phenomenon which I have observed in myself appears to belong to the
same cause. In gaping, there sometimes escapes from the mouth then wide
open, a small jet of fluid, which coming from the lateral parts of this
cavity that it passes over, is thrown at some distance; if a surface
is then before the mouth, as when we read a book, this fluid is spread
in small drops upon this surface; it is the saliva which the excretory
duct of Steno throws out with force. Now on the one hand this duct is
almost wholly mucous, and on the other it has not at its posterior
part a muscular agent of impulse. Perhaps the excretories which pour
out their fluids in the deep parts of the organs, exhibit the same
phenomenon. We know that the milk is also sometimes subject to a kind
of ejection, when it is very abundant, an ejection which supposes
a powerful contraction of the lactiferous ducts. In general, these
different motions analogous to that of the dartos, of the cellular
texture, &c. appear to hold a middle place between those of tone and
those of irritability.
_Sympathies._
There are few systems that sympathize more frequently with the others
than this. Now in its sympathies, it sometimes influences and sometimes
is influenced. The first Tissot calls the active mode of sympathy, the
second the passive. Let us make use of this classification.
_Active Sympathies._
One point of the mucous system being inflamed, irritated or stimulated
in any way, all the vital forces can enter separately into action in
the other systems.
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