[779] Mr. Howlett has duly pointed out that Geoffrey did not, as Miss Norgate imagines, hand over Normandy to his son in consequence of this challenge; but I would point out further that Stephen demanded not merely the surrender of Normandy, but also that of the _English_ districts then under Angevin sway ("Hoc retulit responsum: quod rex _utrumque_ honorem et jure suo _et ecclesie Romane auctoritate_ adeptus erat, _nec refugerat stare judicio apostolicæ sedis_, quando eum comes violenter ducatu spoliavit et parte regni. _Quibus_ non restitutis non debebat subire judicium" (p. 531)). [780] "Confiscata sunt (1148) bona ejus et secundo proscriptus pro obediencia Romane ecclesie. Nam et alia vice propter obedienciam sedis Apostolicæ proscriptus fuerat, quando, urgente mandato domini Henrici Wintoniensis episcopi tunc legatione fungentis in Anglia post alios episcopos omnes receperat imperatricem ... licet inimicissimos habuerit regem et consiliarios suos" (_Hist. Pontif._). [781] [Stephen] "quem tota Anglicana ecclesia sequebatur ex constitutione ecclesie Romane. Licet proceres divisi diversos principes sequerentur, unum tamen habebat ecclesia ... quod episcopo non licuerat ecclesiam scindere ei subtrahendo fidelitatem quem ecclesia Romana recipiebat ut principem" (_Ibid._, pp. 532, 533). [782] _England under the Angevin Kings_, i. 500-502. [783] _Ibid._ [784] The stinging taunts of the Bishop of Angers on Arnulf's humble origin, as given in the _Hist. Pontif._, are of great importance in their bearing on Henry I.'s policy of raising men to power "from the dust." They should be compared with the well-known sneer of Ordericus (see p. 111). [785] _England under the Angevin Kings_, i. p. 496, _note_. [786] _Ibid._, p. 369. [787] _Ibid._, p. 496, _note_. [788] I called attention to this letter in a communication to the _Athenæum_, pointing out that in Mr. Horwood's report on the _Liber Epistolaris_ in an Historical MSS. Commission Report on Lord Harlech's MSS. (1874), mention was made, among its contents, of a letter from the Bishop of Winchester to Brian fitz Count, and of Brian's reply, which is merely described as "a long reply to the above" (it extends over three folios), and of which a _précis_ should certainly have been given. APPENDIX C. THE EASTER COURT OF 1136. (See p. 19.) I here give in parallel columns the witnesses to (I.) Stephen's grant to Winchester; (II.) his grant of the bishopric of Bath; (III.) his great charter of liberties subsequently issued at Oxford. I.