[919] "Quod si forte miles aliquis vel liber alius a sui status dignitate, quod absit, degenerans, multiplicandis denariis per publica mercimonia, vel per turpissimum genus quæstus, hoc est per fœnus extiterit.... Hiis similis qui multiplicant quocunque modo rem." Compare _Quadripartitus: ein Englisches Rechtsbuch von 1114_ (ed. Liebermann): "qui, vera morum generositate carentes et honesta prosapia, longo nummorum stemmate gloriantur, ... qui vetitum pecunie fenus exercent, ... miseram pecunie stipem, pauperum lacrimis et anxietatibus cruentatam, omni veritatis et justicie sanctioni mentes perdite prefecerunt et id solum sapientiam reputant quod eis obtatum pecunie fenus quibuscunque machinationibus insusurrat" (Dedicatio, § 16, § 33). Compare also with these Cicero (_De Officiis_, i. 42): "Jam de artificiis et quæstibus, qui liberales habendi, qui sordidi sint, hæc præaccepimus. Primum improbantur ii quæstus qui in odia hominum incurrunt, ut portitorum, ut feneratorum.... Sordidi etiam putandi qui mercantur a mercatoribus quod statim vendant. Nihil enim proficiunt nisi admodum mentiantur." APPENDIX L. CHARTER OF THE EMPRESS TO WILLIAM DE BEAUCHAMP. (See p. 124.) As this important charter has never, I believe, been printed, I have taken the present opportunity of publishing it _in extenso_. The grantee must, at first, have staunchly supported Stephen, for he received in 1139, from the king, a grant of that constableship which Miles of Gloucester had forfeited on his defection.[920] It is evident, however, from the terms of this charter that he was jealous of Stephen's favourite, Gualeran, Count of Meulan, and of the power which the king had given him at Worcester. The grant of Tamworth also should be carefully noted, because that portion of the Despencer inheritance had fallen to the share of Marmion, which suggests that the Beauchamps and the Marmions were at strife, and that therefore, in this struggle, they embraced opposite sides. An intermarriage between Robert Marmion and Maud de Beauchamp was probably, as in other cases, a compromise of the quarrel.