Geoffrey de Mandeville: A study of the AnarchyRound, John Horace
History
Geoffrey de Mandeville: A study of the Anarchy
Round, John Horace
Great Britain -- History -- Stephen, 1135-1154; Mandeville, Geoffrey de, earl of Essex, -1144
An enthusiastic champion of the "earldom by tenure" theory, Mr. Yeatman
has further advanced a view which is quite peculiar to himself. So far
as this view can be understood, it "dimidiates" the first earl (d.
1176), and converts him into two, viz. a father who died about 1156, and
a son who died in 1176. This is first described as "certain" (p.
281),[922] then as "probable" (p. 288),[923] lastly, as "possible" (p.
285).[924] But when we look for the foundation of the theory, and for
evidence that the first earl died in 1156, we only read, to our
confusion, that the doings of the Becket earl are "possibly" to be
attributed to "his [the first earl's] son, and we must come to that
conclusion, if we believe the only evidence we possess in relation to
the death of his father in 1156; at any rate, before it is rejected some
reason should be shown for doing so." Yet the only scrap of "evidence"
given us is the incidental remark (p. 283) that "the year 1156 is
usually assigned as that of the death of the first Earl of Arundel."
Now, this is directly contrary to fact. For Mr. Yeatman himself tells us
that Dugdale's is "the generally received account" (p. 282), and
Dugdale, like every one else, kills the first earl in 1176.[925] Again,
it is "very certain," we learn, that the Earl of Arundel "died the 3rd
(_sic_) of October, 1176" (p. 281), while "Diceto is the authority for
the statement that William Albini, Earl of Arundel, died the 17th
(_sic_) of October, 1176" (p. 285), the actual words of the chronicler
being given as "iv. die Octobus" (_sic_). Now, all three dates, as a
matter of fact, are wrong, though this is only introduced to show how
the laborious researches of the author are marred by a carelessness
which is fatal to his work.
Let us now turn to this argument:—
"The foundation charter of Bungay, in Suffolk, contains the first entry
known to the author of the title of Earl of Sussex. It was founded in
1160 by Roger de Glanville.... This charter seems to confirm the
statement that the first Earl of Arundel died about 1156. If not, he
too was styled Earl of Sussex. It disposes as well of the theory that
the first (_sic_) Earl of Arundel was so created[926] in 1176" (p. 284).
This argument is based on the fact that the house was "founded in 1160."
The _Monasticon_ editors indeed say that this was "about" the date, but,
unluckily, a moment's examination of the list of witnesses to the
charter shows that its date must be much later,[927] while Mr. Eyton
unhesitatingly assigns it to 1188. All the above argument, therefore,
falls to the ground.
Another point on which the author insists as of great importance is that
the first earl was never Earl of _Sussex_:—
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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