[968] The very same phrase is employed by Robert de Torigny in describing her husband's action at Torigny ten years later (1151): "dux obsederat castellum Torinneium, sed propter adventum Regis infecto negotio discesserat; combustis tamen domibus infra muros usque ad turrem et _parvum castellum circa eam_" (ed. Howlett, p. 161). [969] _Ord. Vit._, ii. 296. [970] A curious touch in a legend of the time brings before us in a vivid manner the impression that this mighty tower had made upon the Norman mind. Hugh de Glos, an oppressor of the poor, appearing, after death, to a priest by night (1090), declared that the burden he was compelled to bear seemed "heavier to carry than the Tower of Rouen" ("Ecce candens ferrum molendini gesto in ore, quod sine dubio mihi videtur ad ferendum gravius Rotomagensi arce."—_Ord. Vit._, iii. 373). [971] _W. Rufus_, i. 245-260. [972] "De arce prodiit" (_Ord. Vit._, iii. 353). _Arx_, here as above, is used as a substitute for _turris_. [973] "Conanus autem a victoribus in arcem ductus est. Quem Henricus per solaria turris ducens" (_ibid._, iii. 355). "In superiora Rotomagensis turris duxit" (_W. Malms._). [974] _W. Rufus_, i. 256, 257. [975] _Ord. Vit._, v. (Appendix) 199. See p. 422. [976] _Robert of Torigny_ (ed. Hewlett), p. 153. [977] My alternative explanation of the choice of style, namely, the importance of the keep itself relatively to the "castellum," must also be borne in mind. [978] "[Rex] in _turri_ de Bristou captivus ponitur.... [Imperatrix] obsedit _turrim_ Wintonensis episcopi.... Robertus frater Imperatricis in cujus _turri_ Rex captivus erat" (_Hen. Hunt._, p. 275). [979] "In turri Cenomannica" (_Annales Veteres_, 311). [980] The Tower of Rouen, we have seen (p. 334), was styled "arx regia." [981] A fine "motte" is visible from the line between Calais and Paris (on the right); another, as I think, stood on the Lea, between Bow Bridge and the "Old Ford," and is (or was) well seen from the Great Eastern line. [982] _Archæological Journal_, xx. 205-223 (1863). [983] _Anglia Sacra_ (ed. Wharton), i. 337, 338. [984] _Gentleman's Magazine_, N.S., xv. 260. [985] _Mediæval Military Architecture_, ii. 421, 422. [986] _William Rufus_, i. 53, 54. [987] "Egregia turris" is the expression of Gervase (_Actus Pontificum_). [988] The "castrum lapideum" (compare the three "castra lapidea" erected for the blockade of Montreuil in 1149) is so styled to distinguish it from the "castrum ligneum," which occurs so often, and which Mr. Freeman so persistently renders "tower." [989] _Mediæval Military Architecture_, ii. 419. [990] _Journ. Brit. Arch. Ass._, xxxi., 471, 472. [991] Both writers, also, mistake a general exemption from the _trinoda necessitas_ for a special allusion to Rochester keep. [992] _Mediæval Military Architecture_, ii. 421. [993] Mr. J. R. Boyle has shown that nearly £1000 was spent upon it between 1172 and 1177, when it was, therefore, in course of erection.