[131] "Accipiens thesauros episcopi comparavit inde Constantiam sororem Lodovici regis Francorum ad opus Eustachii filii sui" (p. 265). It is amusing to learn from his champion (the author of the _Gesta Stephani_) that the king spent this treasure on good and pious works. This matrimonial alliance is deserving of careful attention, for the fact that Stephen was prepared to buy it with treasure which he sorely needed proves its importance in his eyes as a prop to his now threatened throne. [132] _Annals of Waverley_ (_Ann. Mon._, ii. 228), where it is stated that, at this council, Stephen gave the see of Salisbury to his chancellor, Philip. According, however, to the Continuator of Florence, he did this not at London, but at Winchester (see p. 47, _supra_). [133] See the Continuator of Florence. [134] _Will. Malms._ [135] See p. 81 as to the alleged riot in London and death of Aubrey de Vere, three weeks before. [136] "Ad Pentecostem ivit rex cum exercitu suo super Hugonem Bigod in Sudfolc" _Ann. Wav._ (_Ann. Mon._, ii. 228). [137] "Item in Augusto perrexit super eum et concordati sunt, sed non diu duravit" (_ibid._). [138] Printed in _Archæological Journal_, xx. 291. Its second witness is Richard de Luci, whom I have not elsewhere found attesting before Christmas, 1141. [139] If, as would seem, Hugh Bigod appears first as an earl at the battle of Lincoln, when he fought on Stephen's side, it may well be that the "concordia" between them in August, 1140, similarly comprised the concession by the king of comital rank. On the other hand, there is a noteworthy charter (_Harl. Cart._, 43, c. 13) of Stephen, which seems to belong to the winter of 1140-1, to which Hugh Bigod is witness, not as an earl, so that his creation may have taken place very shortly before Stephen's fall. As this charter, according to Mr. Birch, has the second type of Stephen's seal, it strengthens the view advanced in the text. [140] _Transactions of the Royal Society of Literature_, vol. xi., New Series. [141] Mr. Birch points out the interesting fact that while the earlier type has an affinity to that of the great seal of Henry I., the later approximates to that adopted under Henry II. [142] _Royal Charters_, No. 15. See my _Ancient Charters_, p. 39. [143] Dr. Stubbs observes that the consequence of the arrest was that "the whole administration of the country ceased to work" (_Const. Hist._, i. 326). [144] Cotton Charter, vii. 4. See Frontispiece. [145] This is the well-known Henry de Essex (see Appendix U), son of Robert (_Rot. Pip._, 31 Hen. I.), and grandson of Swegen of Essex (Domesday). He witnessed several of Stephen's charters, probably later in the reign, but was also a witness to the Empress's charters to the Earls of Oxford and of Essex (_vide post_). [146] A John, son of Robert fitz Walter (sheriff of East Anglia, _temp._ Hen. I.), occurs in _Ramsey Cartulary_, i. 149.